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Roma imperator kultu — imperatorları və onların bəzi ailə üzvlərini Roma dövlətinin ilahi icazəli səlahiyyətə qaldıran kult. Onun özəyi Roma və yunan presedentlərinə əsaslanırdı və erkən Avqust prinsipatı dövründə formalaşdırılmışdır. Bu, lokal səviyyədə qəbulu və ifadəsində dəyişikliklərə məruz qalaraq imperiya və onun vilayətlərində sürətli şəkildə bərqərar olmuşdur.
Bu, regional fərqliliklərin təsirlərini yumşaltmaqda ən vacib institutlardan biri idi. Bu konsepsiya e.ə. IV əsrdə, Makedoniyalı İsgəndərin fövqəlbəşər bir varlıq kimi titullar, simvollar və müraciət formaları ilə ilahiləşdirilməsi nəticəsində yaranmışdır. Onun Misirdəki müasirləri fironlara çoxdan tanrı kimi sitayiş edirdilər. Hətta yunanlar belə fikiri qəbul etmişdilər ki, fövqəladə nailiyyətləri olan insanlar "qəhrəman" kimi heç vaxt ölməyəcəklər, əksinə hansısa ali dünyaya yüksələcəklər. Onlar e.ə. IV əsrin ortalarında Axilles, Herakl, Pifaqor və kimi qəhrəmanlar haqqında buna inanırdılar.
E.ə. II əsrin əvvəllərindən yunan şəhərlərində böyük Roma sərkərdələrinin şərəfinə qurbangahlar, bayramlar və xüsusi təltiflər var idi. B.e. 42-ci ildə Sezarın varisi Oktavian onun ilah elan edilməsini tələb etmiş, senat isə bunu səsvermə yolu ilə qəbul etmişdir. Bir neçə generasiya ərzində imperiyanın hər yerində imperator ailəsinin şərəfinə yeni məbədlər tikilmiş və ya köhnə məbədlər bu məqsədə təyin olunmuşdur. Bu cür mərkəzlər vətəndaşların Romaya və imperatora sədaqətini ifadə etmək üçün toplaşma nöqtəsi idi.
İstinadlar
- "Cult of the emperors". 2022-12-08 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2022-12-13.
Əlavə ədəbiyyat
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- Fishwick, Duncan, "Numen Augustum," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 160 (2007), pp. 247–255, Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn (Germany).
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Roma imperator kultu imperatorlari ve onlarin bezi aile uzvlerini Roma dovletinin ilahi icazeli selahiyyete qaldiran kult Onun ozeyi Roma ve yunan presedentlerine esaslanirdi ve erken Avqust prinsipati dovrunde formalasdirilmisdir Bu lokal seviyyede qebulu ve ifadesinde deyisikliklere meruz qalaraq imperiya ve onun vilayetlerinde suretli sekilde berqerar olmusdur Imperator cutluyunu tesvir etmek meqsedile yeniden islenmis Venera ve Mars heykelleri Bu regional ferqliliklerin tesirlerini yumsaltmaqda en vacib institutlardan biri idi Bu konsepsiya e e IV esrde Makedoniyali Isgenderin fovqelbeser bir varliq kimi titullar simvollar ve muraciet formalari ile ilahilesdirilmesi neticesinde yaranmisdir Onun Misirdeki muasirleri fironlara coxdan tanri kimi sitayis edirdiler Hetta yunanlar bele fikiri qebul etmisdiler ki fovqelade nailiyyetleri olan insanlar qehreman kimi hec vaxt olmeyecekler eksine hansisa ali dunyaya yukselecekler Onlar e e IV esrin ortalarinda Axilles Herakl Pifaqor ve kimi qehremanlar haqqinda buna inanirdilar E e II esrin evvellerinden yunan seherlerinde boyuk Roma serkerdelerinin serefine qurbangahlar bayramlar ve xususi teltifler var idi B e 42 ci ilde Sezarin varisi Oktavian onun ilah elan edilmesini teleb etmis senat ise bunu sesverme yolu ile qebul etmisdir Bir nece generasiya erzinde imperiyanin her yerinde imperator ailesinin serefine yeni mebedler tikilmis ve ya kohne mebedler bu meqsede teyin olunmusdur Bu cur merkezler vetendaslarin Romaya ve imperatora sedaqetini ifade etmek ucun toplasma noqtesi idi Istinadlar Cult of the emperors 2022 12 08 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2022 12 13 Elave edebiyyatAndo Clifford Imperial ideology and provincial loyalty in the Roman Empire Illustrated 2000 ISBN 0 520 22067 6 Beard M Price S North J Religions of Rome Volume 1 a History illustrated Cambridge University Press 1998 ISBN 0 521 31682 0ISBN 0 521 31682 0 Beard M Price S North J Religions of Rome Volume 2 a sourcebook illustrated Cambridge University Press 1998 ISBN 0 521 45646 0ISBN 0 521 45646 0 Beard Mary The Roman Triumph The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge Mass and London England 2007 ISBN 978 0 674 02613 1ISBN 978 0 674 02613 1 Bowersock G Brown P R L Graba O eds Late Antiquity A Guide to the Postclassical World Harvard University Press 1999 ISBN 978 0 674 51173 6ISBN 978 0 674 51173 6 Bowman A Cameron A Garnsey P eds The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12 The Crisis of Empire AD 193 337 2nd Edn Cambridge University Press 2005 ISBN 0 521 30199 8ISBN 0 521 30199 8 Brent A The imperial cult and the development of church order concepts and images of authority in paganism and early Christianity before the Age of Cyprian illustrated Brill Publishers 1999 ISBN 90 04 11420 3ISBN 90 04 11420 3 Cannadine D and Price S eds Rituals of Royalty Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies reprint illustrated Cambridge University Press 1992 ISBN 0 521 42891 2ISBN 0 521 42891 2 Chow John K Patronage and power a study of social networks in Corinth Continuum International Publishing Group 1992 ISBN 1 85075 370 9ISBN 1 85075 370 9 Collins Adela Yarbro Crisis and catharsis the power of the Apocalypse Westminster John Knox Press 1984 ISBN 0 664 24521 8ISBN 0 664 24521 8 Elsner J Cult and Sculpture Sacrifice in the Ara Pacis Augustae in the Journal of Roman Studies 81 1991 50 60 Ferguson Everett Backgrounds of early Christianity 3rd edition Wm B Eerdmans Publishing 2003 ISBN 0 8028 2221 5ISBN 0 8028 2221 5 Fishwick Duncan The Imperial Cult in the Latin West Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire volume 1 Brill Publishers 1991 ISBN 90 04 07179 2ISBN 90 04 07179 2 Fishwick Duncan The Imperial Cult in the Latin West Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire volume 3 Brill Publishers 2002 ISBN 90 04 12536 1ISBN 90 04 12536 1 Fishwick Duncan Numen Augustum Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik Bd 160 2007 pp 247 255 Dr Rudolf Habelt GmbH Bonn Germany Freisen S J Imperial cults and the Apocalypse of John reading Revelation in the ruins Oxford University Press 2001 ISBN 978 0 19 513153 6ISBN 978 0 19 513153 6 Gradel Ittai Emperor Worship and Roman Religion Oxford Oxford University Press 2002 ISBN 0 19 815275 2ISBN 0 19 815275 2 Haase W Temporini H eds Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt de Gruyter 1991 ISBN 3 11 010389 3ISBN 3 11 010389 3 Harland P Honours and Worship Emperors Imperial Cults and Associations at Ephesus First to Third Centuries C E originally published in Studies in Religion Sciences religieuses 25 1996 Online in same pagination Harland P Imperial Cults within Local Cultural Life Associations in Roman Asia originally published in Ancient History Bulletin Zeitschrift fur Alte Geschichte 17 2003 Online in same pagination Howgego C Heuchert V Burnett A eds Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978 0 19 926526 8ISBN 978 0 19 926526 8 Lee A D Pagans and Christians in late antiquity a sourcebook illustrated Routledge 2000 ISBN 0 415 13892 2ISBN 0 415 13892 2 Lott John B The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2004 ISBN 0 521 82827 9ISBN 0 521 82827 9 MacCormack Sabine Change and Continuity in Late Antiquity the ceremony of Adventus Historia 21 4 1972 pp 721 52 Martin Dale B Inventing superstition from the Hippocratics to the Christians Harvard University Press 2004 ISBN 0 674 01534 7ISBN 0 674 01534 7 Momigliano Arnaldo On Pagans Jews and Christians reprint Wesleyan University Press 1987 ISBN 0 8195 6218 1ISBN 0 8195 6218 1 Niehoff Maren R Philo on Jewish identity and culture Mohr Siebeck English trans GW Coronet Books 2001 ISBN 978 3 16 147611 2ISBN 978 3 16 147611 2 Nixon C E V and Rodgers Barbara S In Praise of Later Roman Emperors The Panegyric Latini University Presses of California Columbia and Princeton 1995 ISBN 978 0 520 08326 4ISBN 978 0 520 08326 4 Potter David S The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180 395 Routledge 2004 ISBN 978 0 415 10057 1ISBN 978 0 415 10057 1 Price S R F Rituals and power the Roman imperial cult in Asia Minor reprint illustrated Cambridge University Press 1986 ISBN 0 521 31268 XISBN 0 521 31268 X Rees Roger Diocletian and the Tetrarchy Edinburgh UK Edinburgh University Press 2004 ISBN 9780748616602 Rehak Paul and Younger John Grimes Imperium and cosmos Augustus and the northern Campus Martius illustrated University of Wisconsin Press 2006 ISBN 0 299 22010 9ISBN 0 299 22010 9 Rosenstein Nathan S Imperatores Victi Military Defeat and Aristocratic Competition in the Middle and Late Republic Berkeley University of California Press 1990 Ark CDlib org Rupke Jorg Editor A Companion to Roman Religion Wiley Blackwell 2007 ISBN 978 1 4051 2943 5 Severy Beth Augustus and the family at the birth of the Roman Empire Routledge 2003 ISBN 0 415 30959 XISBN 0 415 30959 X Smallwood E Mary The Jews under Roman rule from Pompey to Diocletian a study in political relations illustrated Brill Publishers 2001 ISBN 0 391 04155 XISBN 0 391 04155 X Taylor Lily Ross The Divinity of the Roman Emperor American Philological Association 1931 repr Arno Press 1975 Theuws Frans and Nelson Janet L Rituals of power from late antiquity to the early Middle Ages Brill Publishers 2000 ISBN 90 04 10902 1ISBN 90 04 10902 1 Versnel H S Triumphus An Inquiry into the Origin Development and Meaning of the Roman Triumph Leiden 1970 Vout Caroline Power and eroticism in Imperial Rome illustrated Cambridge University Press 2007 ISBN 0 521 86739 8ISBN 0 521 86739 8 Walbank Frank W Selected Papers Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography Cambridge University Press 1986 pp 120 137 ISBN 978 0 521 30752 9ISBN 978 0 521 30752 9 Weinstock Stefan Divus Iulius Oxford Clarendon Press OUP 1971 Wiedemann Thomas Adults and Children in the Roman Empire Taylor amp Francis Ltd 1989 ISBN 978 0 415 00336 0ISBN 978 0 415 00336 0 Williams S and Friell J G P Theodosius The Empire at Bay Taylor amp Francis Ltd 1994 ISBN 978 0 7134 6691 1ISBN 978 0 7134 6691 1