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Bu səhifədə iş davam etməkdədir Müdaxilə etməyə tələsməyin əgər kömək etmək istəyirsinizsə ya da səhifə yarımçıq qalıbsa

Dağıdılmış kitabxanaların siyahısı

Dağıdılmış kitabxanaların siyahısı
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Bu məqalə sonuncu dəfə 38 saat əvvəl ( | ) tərəfindən redaktə olunub. (Yenilə)

Kitabxanaların qəsdən və ya təsadüfən məhv olunması və ya ciddi şəkildə zədələnməsi halları baş verir. Bəzən kitabxana mədəni soyqırım forması kimi qəsdən məhv edilir.

image
yanğın nəticəsində məhv olundu, 1879.
image
Varşava üsyanının süqutundan sonra Nasist-Alman Marka Komando tərəfindən Krasinski Kitabxanasında qəsdən yandırılmış ən qiymətli Polşa inkunabulasının külləri və əlyazmaların olduğu qab

Kitabxanaların təsadüfən insanlar tərəfindən məhv edilməsinə dair nümunələr mövcuddur. Digərləri zəlzələ, daşqın və ya təsadüfi yanğınlar kimi təbii fəlakətlər nəticəsində zərər görüb.

Əsrlər boyu kitabxanalarda yanğınlar təsadüfi olaraq baş verib — görkəmli nümunələrə İsgəndəriyyə Kitabxanasının dağıdılması, Hindistanda Kitabxanasının dağıdılması və Almaniyanın Veymar şəhərində təsadüfən yandırılması daxildir.

Səbəbləri və qarşısının alınması

Keçmişdə kif bir çox kitabxanada ciddi problem hesab olunurdu, buna görə də kitabxana dizaynı, məsələn, bitişik mərtəbələrdə rəflərin altında boşluqlar buraxaraq hava axınının artırılmasını vurğulayırdı. Yanğın baş verdikdə, xüsusən də yuxarı mərtəbədən başqa hər hansı bir mərtəbədə başlayarsa, alov hava axını ilə mərtəbədən mərtəbəyə daşınacaq ki, bu da asanlıqla bütün kitabxananın yox olmasına gətirib çıxaracaq.

Texnologiyanın inkişafı kitabxananın kolleksiyasının yanğın nəticəsində məhv olma ehtimalını azaldıb. Bunlara su çiləyiciləri, yanğın qapıları, dondurucular, siqnalizasiyalar, tüstü detektorları, yanğın söndürmə sistemləri və qəza generatorları daxildir. Köhnə kitabxanalar adətən hava axınının açılışlarını bağlamaq və yanğın qapıları, siqnalizasiya və çiləyici qurğuların quraşdırılması ilə əvəz olunur. Kondisioner kif problemlərini azaldır. Bütün bunlar yeni kitabxana dizaynının vacib hissələridir.

Kitab yandırıldıqdan sonra onu bərpa etmək mümkün deyil, ona görə də ümumiyyətlə qəbul edilir ki, yanğını su ilə söndürüb sonra kitabları qurutmaq daha yaxşıdır. Kif kağızı məhv etdiyi üçün kitablar quruyana qədər dondurulur. Qeyd olunan proses kitabı zədələyəcək, lakin onu məhv etməyəcək və informasiya toxunulmaz qalacaq.

Yanğın və ya digər səbəblərdən zərərin baş vermə ehtimalını azaltmaq və dağıdıcı hadisədən sonra bərpa üçün tələb olunan vaxtı azaltmaq üçün kitabxanaların fəlakətin idarə edilməsi və bərpa planına ehtiyacı var.

Bundan əlavə, xüsusilə tarixi kitabxanalar üçün vaxtaşırı yanğın təhlükəsizliyi yoxlamaları aparılır. Məsələn, Konqres Kitabxanası 2000-ci ildən bəri hər il yoxlamalardan keçir. 1995-ci il Konqresin Hesabatlılığı Aktından əvvəl Konqres Kitabxanası və bütün Capitol Hill binaları təhlükəsizlik qaydalarından azad idi. Tarixi qoruma və müasir təhlükəsizlik standartları arasında tarazlıq çətin olduğunu sübut edir, çünki "hətta Konqres Kitabxanasının 1997-ci ildə başa çatdırılmış 12 illik təmiri də bir çox yanğın təhlükəsini aradan qaldıra bilmədi". Bununla belə, ABŞ-ın Uyğunluq Ofisi nəzərdən keçirilməsindən sonra, Konqres Kitabxanası “mümkün olan ən yüksək təhlükəsizlik səviyyəsinə nail olmaq” mövzusunda öhdəliyini açıqladı və “Kapitolinin və Konqres Kitabxanasının Memarı hər üç ayda bir tərəqqi barədə məlumat verəcəyini bildirdi”.

İnformasiya texnologiyaları — yanğından hərtərəfli qorunmanın başqa bir səbəbidir. Kitabxanalarda bu qədər kompüter olduğundan, daha çox istilik yaradan və potensial yanğın mənbələrinin sayını artıran daha çox çıxışın istifadəsini tələb edən "yer sahəsinin azalması və daha kiçik, daha güclü kompüter sistemlərinin artması" var. Hələ 1950-ci illərdə kompüter avadanlığının və onun yerləşdiyi binaların potensial təhlükələri tanınırdı. Beləliklə, 1962-ci ildə Milli Yanğından Mühafizə Assosiasiyası elektron kompüter sistemləri üçün xüsusi olaraq tətbiq edilən ilk təhlükəsizlik standartlarını hazırlamağa başladı. Bu standart NFPA 75 İnformasiya Texnologiyası Avadanlığının Mühafizəsi adlanır. FM Global Data Sheet 5-32 yalnız yanğından deyil, həm də sudan, enerji itkisindən və s.-dən qorunmaq üçün tövsiyələri ehtiva edən başqa bir standartdır.

İnsan faktoru

Şəkil Kitabxananın adı Şəhər Ölkə Dağıdılma tarixi Səbəbkar/lar Dağıdılmanın səbəbi və/və ya təsviri
image Aşşurbanipalın kitabxanası Nineva Yeni Assuriya çarlığı E. ə. 612-ci il babillilərin, skiflərin və midiyalıların koalisiyası Nineva eramızdan əvvəl 612-ci ildə dağıdıldı qədim İran xalqı olan babillilər, skiflər və midiyalıların koalisiyası. Ehtimal olunur ki, saray yanğını zamanı gildən olan mixi lövhələrin qismən yanmasına səbəb olan böyük yanğın kitabxananı məhv etmişdi. Potensial dağıdılma hadisə lövhələrin qorunub saxlanılmasına kömək etdi. Gil lövhələrdəki mətnlərlə yanaşı, üzvi təbiətinə görə itirilən bəzi mətnlər mum lövhələrə həkk olunmuş idi.
image və Dövlət arxivi Syanyan Sin sülaləsi E. ə. 206-cı il Sin imperatoru Er Şi-ə qarşı üsyan edən eramızdan əvvəl 206-cı ildə öz qoşunlarını Syanyana apardı. O, Syanyan sarayının atəşlə məhv edilməsini əmr etdi.
image İsgəndəriyyə kitabxanası İsgəndəriyyə
Mübahisəli Mübahisəli Mübahisəli,
İmperator kitabxanası Han sülaləsi 189 AD Təxliyə zamanı əhali köçürüldüyü üçün şəhərin çox hissəsi, o cümlədən imperiya kitabxanası qəsdən yandırıldı.:460–461
image Afina 267 Herullar E.ə. 267-ci ildə Herulların istilası zamanı dağıdılmış və V əsrdə böyük peristil binasına daxil edilmişdir.
image Afina 267 Herullar Kitabxana 267-ci ildə Herulların işğalı zamanı ciddi zədələnmiş və e.ə. 407-412-ci illərdə prefekt Herkuli tərəfindən bərpa edilmişdir.

364 The library had been heavily stocked by the aid of the perpetrator's non-Christian predecessor, .
image Library of the
392 Following the conversion of the temple of Serapis into a church, the library was destroyed.
Library of 976 & religious scholars All books consisting of "ancient science" were destroyed in a surge of ultra-orthodoxy.
Library of Rayy 1029 Sultan Burned the library and all books deemed as heretical.
Library at Sázava Monastery c.1097 Abbot Diethard After the removal of the Slavonic Benedictines from Sázava monastery, the new abbot destroyed all books written in .
Library of Banu Ammar (Dar al-'ilm) 1109 Crusaders Following 's surrender to , Genoese mercenaries burned and looted part of the city. The library, Dar al-'ilm, was burned.
Library of Ghazna 1151 ' City was sacked and burned for seven days. Libraries and palaces built by the were destroyed.
Library of Nishapur 1154 City partially destroyed, libraries sacked and burned.
image Nalanda India 1193 Nalanda University complex (the most renowned repository of Buddhist knowledge in the world at the time) was sacked by Turkic Muslim invaders under the perpetrator; this event is seen as a milestone in the .
1204 The Crusaders In 1204, the library became a target of the knights of the . The library itself was destroyed and its contents burned or sold.
's library Iran 1256 Library destroyed after the .
1258 Destroyed during the
Libraries of Constantinople 1453 Ottoman Turks After the Fall of Constantinople, hundreds upon thousands of manuscripts were removed, sold, or destroyed from Constantinople's libraries.
image 1499 The library was ransacked by troops of Cardinal Cisneros in late 1499, the books were taken to the , where most of them were burned.
Buda 1526 Ottoman Turks Library was destroyed by Ottomans in the .
1530s Royal officials The monastic libraries were destroyed or dispersed following the by .
image , England 1548 Royal officials The smashing and looting of the Cornish colleges at Glasney and brought an end to the formal scholarship which had helped to sustain the and the Cornish cultural identity.
Records on Gozo 1551 Ottoman Turks Most paper records held on were lost or destroyed during an in 1551. The raid is said to have "led to the near total destruction of documentary evidence for life in medieval Gozo."
image of the , Mexico and Guatemala 1562-07-12 Bishop De Landa, a and conquistador during the , wrote: "We found a large number of books in these characters and, as they contained nothing in which were not to be seen as superstition and lies of the devil, we burned them all, which they (the Maya) regretted to an amazing degree, and which caused them much affliction." Only three extant codices are widely considered unquestionably authentic.
image Wales 1646 The 's library was burnt during the by forces under the command of
imageimageimage /
() 		1794/1944 / troops After the (1794), Russian troops, acting on orders from Czarina , seized the library's holdings and transported them to her personal collection at , where a year later it formed the cornerstone of the newly founded . Parts of the collections were damaged or destroyed as they were mishandled while being removed from the library and transported to Russia, and many were stolen. According to the historian , the Zaluskis' books, "could be bought at by the basket". The collection was later dispersed among several Russian libraries. Some parts of the Zaluski collection came back to Poland on two separate dates in the nineteenth century: 1842 and 1863. Government of the re-established reclaimed in the 1920s some of the former Załuski Library holdings from the following the . The original building was destroyed by the Germans during . soldiers also deliberately destroyed the collection (held in the at the time - see below) during the in October 1944, after collapse of the Warsaw Uprising. Only 1800 manuscripts and 30,000 printed materials from the original library survived the war. After the war, the original building was rebuilt under the .
image Library of Congress United States 1814 Troops of the British Army The library was destroyed during the when British forces set fire to the during the . This attack was retaliation for the burning of the Canadian towns of York and Niagara by American troops in 1813. Soon after its destruction, the Library of Congress was reestablished, largely thanks to the purchase of Thomas Jefferson's personal library in 1815. A second fire on December 24, 1851, destroyed a large portion of the Library of Congress' collection again, however, resulting in the loss of about two-thirds of the Thomas Jefferson collection and an estimated 35,000 books in total.
Several libraries and major Mexican cities Mexico 1856-1867 troops and During and after the , under the of and , many convent libraries and Church owned school libraries were sacked or destroyed by Liberal troops and looters, most notably included San Francisco Convent Library, which had over 16,000 books (great majority of them were unique collections of Spanish colonial era productions), the library was totally destroyed. Other important libraries included San Agustín Convent Library, was looted and burned. The Carmen de San Ángel Convent and its library were also totally destroyed (with a few books recovered), other affected convent libraries to different degrees were those of Santo Domingo, Las Capuchinas, Santa Clara, and the Church owned school Colegio de San Juan de Letrán, among others, all of them in Mexico City. Similar events happened all over Mexico, especially in major cities. Besides books, other items such as altarpieces, unique collections of colonial period , crosses, sculptures, gold and silver chalices (often robbed and melted) were also lost. Total estimates place the total of lost books and manuscripts at 100,000 by 1884.
image United States 1865-05-04 Troops of the Army During the , Union troops destroyed most buildings on the University of Alabama campus, including its library of approximately 7,000 volumes.
Mosque-Library Turnovo, Bulgaria Ottoman Empire 1877 Christian Bulgarians Turkish books in a library were destroyed when the mosque was burned.
image Burma 1885–1887 Troops of the British Army The looted the palace at the end of the (some of the artefacts which were taken away are still on display in the in London) and burned down the royal library.
image Hanlin Academy Library China 1900-06-23/4 Disputed. Possibly the besieging the west of the Legation Quarter, or possibly by the international defending forces. During the in at the height of the , the unofficial national library of China at the Hanlin Academy, which was adjacent to the British Legation, was set on fire (by whom and whether deliberately or accidentally is still disputed) and almost entirely destroyed. Many of the books and scrolls that survived the flames were subsequently looted by forces of the victorious foreign powers.
imageimage Belgium 1914-08-25/1940-05 The Germans set the library on fire as part of the burning of the entire city in an attempt to use terror to quell Belgian resistance to occupation. The library caught again fire during the German invasion of Louvain, Belgium.
image Dublin Ireland 1922 Disputed. Poss. deliberately by or accidental ignition of their stored explosives due to shelling by forces. The was occupied by the at the start of the . The building was bombarded by the forces under .
image Several religious libraries Madrid 1931 and In 1931, several groups of radical leftists and anarchists, with the complicit inaction of the , in Madrid. Most included important libraries. Among them, the and the with a library of 20 000 volumes; the with a library of 80 000 volumes, considered the second best in Spain at the time, after the ; and the , with 20 000 volumes, including the archives of the García Villada, and 100 000 popular songs compiled by P. Antonio Martínez. Everything was lost.
image Oriental Library (also known as Dongfang Tushuguan) , 1932-02-01 During the in the Japanese forces bombed The and the attached Oriental Library, setting it alight and destroying most of its collection of more than 500,000 volumes.
image Berlin 1933-05-?? Members of the On 6 May 1933, the made an organised attack on the Institute of Sex Research. A few days later, the institute's library and archives were publicly hauled out and burned in the streets of the .
1934-10-13 Revolutionaries or bombs thrown by government airplanes During the , armed revolutionaries took and were repressed by the Spanish Army on orders by General Francisco Franco.
, , , , , , , China 1937–1945 World War II Japanese Troops During , Japanese military forces destroyed or partly destroyed numerous Chinese libraries, including libraries at the , (lost 200,000 of 350,000 books), the , T'ien-chin (totally destroyed, 224,000 books lost), Institute of Technology of He-pei, T'ien-chin (completely destroyed), Medical College of He-pei, Pao-ting (completely destroyed), Agricultural College of He-pei, Pao-ting (completely destroyed), University Ta Hsia, Shanghai (completely destroyed), University Kuang Hua, Shanghai (completely destroyed), National University of Hunan (completely destroyed).
image 1941-04-06 Destroyed during the , on the order of Adolf Hitler himself. Around 500.000 volumes and all collections of the library were destroyed in one of the largest book bonfires in European history.
image Bulgaria 1943–1944 Allied air forces
image (housing of the , including the collection, as well as those of the and the )
() 		1944 troops The library was deliberately set ablaze by troops in the aftermath of the suppression of the of 1944. The burning of this library was part of the general .
image Library of the
() 		1944 troops The library (which housed the collections of the former ) was deliberately set ablaze by the troops in the aftermath of the suppression of the of 1944. The burning of this library was part of the general . Depending on source, 1800 to 3000 items constituting only 1.5% to 3% of the original collection (albeit the most valuable part) survived, partially due to the fact that the troops burning the library did not notice the entrance to the basement at the rear side of the building.
image
() 		1944 troops In the aftermath of the suppression of the of 1944, the archives (one of the pair of archives housing of the , with the other located in ) were not only deliberately set ablaze, but the troops also entered each of the nine accessible fire-proof vaults in the underground shelter and meticulously burned one after another (entrance to the 10th was blocked by rubble, thus saving its contents). Part of the general .
Multiple private libraries all over Tokyo. Tokyo
1945 US army air force US firebombing of Tokyo in May 1945 destroyed many private Japanese libraries such as the 40,000 volumes in Hasegawa Nyozekan's house. The firebombing of Tokyo destroyed the majority of personal libraries there with many publications from before the war being permanently lost. Firebombing damaged Keio university in Tokyo.

() 		1945 troops Before the outbreak of the library already contained 500,000 book volumes. In January 1945 it was set ablaze by retreating Nazi German soldiers. As a result, 300,000 books were destroyed, another 100,000 were looted.
image
() 		1945 troops The retreating troops planted explosives in the building and triggered detonation, demolishing the entire structure and burning 90% of the collection, while the remaining 10% were looted in advance.
image Beirut 1975 The 1975 war fighting began in Beirut's downtown where the National Library was located. During the war years, the library suffered significant damage. According to some sources, 1200 of most precious manuscripts disappeared, and no memory is left of the Library's organization and operational procedures of that time.
image 1976–1979 The Burnt most of the books and all bibliographical records. Only 20% of materials survived.
image 1981-05-?? Plainclothes police officers and others In May 1981, a mob composed of thugs and plainclothes police officers went on a rampage in minority -dominated northern Jaffna, and . At least 95,000 volumes – the second largest library collection in – were destroyed.
1984-06-07 Prior to its destruction by Indian troops, the library hosted a vast collection of an estimated 20,000 literary works, including 11,107 books, 2,500 manuscripts, newspaper archives, historical letters, documents/files, and others mostly on Sikhism and in the Punjabi language but also on other topics and in other languages. Its destruction could have been a desperate act on failure to locate letters or documents that could have implicated the then Indian government and its leader Indira Gandhi.
image!image 1989-12-2? Burnt down during the .
1992-05-17 Destroyed by the shellfire during the .
image 1992-08-25 The library was completely destroyed during the .
& 1992-10-?? Destroyed during the .
City library Linköping Sweden 1996-09-20 Lack of evidence for trial After a year of repeated, minor arson attempts against an information bureau for immigrants located in the building, the library is eventually burnt down to the ground.
1998 Taliban militia It held 55,000 books and old manuscripts.
, , , , and other libraries 2003-04-?? Unknown members of the Bagdad population Several libraries looted, set on fire, damaged and destroyed in various degrees during the .
2011 Over 5,000 books cataloged in LibraryThing were seized.
image 2011-12-?? Aftermath of street clashes during the A first estimate says that only 30,000 volumes have been saved of a total of 200,000.
image (Timbuktu library) Mali 2013-01-28 militias Before the library was burned down, it contained over 20,000 manuscripts with only a fraction of them having been scanned as of January 2013. Before and during the occupation, more than 300,000 from the Institute and from private libraries were saved and moved to more secure locations.
2013-03-12 Public riots 1,807 library books, technological infrastructure including seven patron workstations, a photocopy machine and a large screen television.
Libraries of 2013 headed by prime minister Digitization effort to reduce the nine original libraries to seven and save $C443,000 annual cost. Only 5–6% of the material was digitized, and scientific records and research created at a taxpayer cost of tens of millions of dollars were dumped, burned, and given away. Particularly noted are baseline data important to ecological research, and data from 19th century exploration.
2014-01-03 Unknown The Christian library was burned down, it contained over 80,000 manuscripts and books.
image (partially) 2014-02-07 Seven Bosnian rioters suspected of having started the fire; two (Salem Hatibović and Nihad Trnka) were arrested.

On 4 April 2014, Salem Hatibović and Nihad Trnka were released (although still under suspicion of terrorism), on conditions that they don't leave their places of residence and abstain from having any contact with each other. Both were also mandated to report to the police once every week.		 During the large amounts of historical documents were destroyed when sections of the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, housed in the presidential building, were set on fire. Among the lost archival material were documents and gifts from the period, original documents from the 1878–1918 , as well as documentations of the interwar period, the 1941–1945 rule of the , papers from the following years, and about 15,000 files from the 1996–2003 .

In the repositories that were burnt, about 60 percent of the material was lost, according to estimates by Šaban Zahirović, the head of the Archives.

Mosul University libraries
and private libraries 		Mosul 2014-12-?? Ongoing book burning Book burning.
Libraries in Al Anbar Governorate 2014-12-?? Ongoing book burning Book burning.
image Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION) (partially?) Russia 2015-01-29 Unknown. Fire spread to 2000 m2 in third Floor. The roof caved in. Additional water damage. Ambient temperature too high for self-freezing of damaged Works. The library contains 14 million books, including rare texts in ancient Slavic languages, documents from the League of Nations, UNESCO, and parliamentary reports from countries including the US dating back as far as 1789.

(Central Public Library in Ninawa) 		Mosul 2015-02-?? book burning 8,000 rare old books and manuscripts. Manuscripts from the 18th century, Syriac books printed in Iraq's first printing house in the 19th century, books from the Ottoman era, Iraqi newspapers from the early 20th century.
Howard College Law Library, Durban 2016-09-06 protestors Law Library, including early texts, burnt by protesters during confrontations with the police.

Natural disasters

Image Name of the library City Country Date of destruction Causes and/or account of destruction
image 1755-11-01
, , , Japan 1923-09-01 An and the following fires. In September 1923 Tokyo Imperial University library lost 700,000 volumes to the setting off fires.
1931, 1972 It was damaged in the 1931 earthquake. Another earthquake in 1972 caused damage.
image Several libraries, archives, and museums , , , , 2004-12-26 The . See .

Fire

Image Name of the library City Country Date of destruction Account of destruction
image 262 A fire caused by the or a Gothic invasion.
Library Denmark 1728 October
London, United Kingdom 1731-10-23
Library of Congress United States 1814-08-25
United Kingdom 1879-01-11 A fire broke out behind a wooden partition serving as a temporary wall during building operations. The fire caused extensive damage, with only 1,000 volumes saved from a stock of 50,000.
Library United States 1895-10-27
United States 1911-03-29
Lima Peru 1943-05-10
library United States 1966-04-18
1982
1983 St Michael's House was destroyed as a result of the . The entire 40,000 volume library was lost including works from the 16th century.
Canada 1985-08-16 A lightning strike caused a short circuit in the electrical system which started a fire that destroyed the top floor of the building which housed the library.
image United States 1986-04-29 & 1986-09-03 At 10:52 a.m. on April 29, 1986, a fire alarm alerted staff and patrons of a fire in the library's main building. Over 350 firefighters responded to the blaze, which burned for about 7 hours. An estimated 400,000 books were destroyed and an additional 350,000 materials suffered significant amounts of smoke and water damaged. The fire was determined to have begun on the fifth tier of the northeast stack.
image Academy of Sciences Library 1988-02-14 The 1988 fire in the Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now ) broke out on Sunday, February 14, 1988, in the newspaper section on the third floor of the library. According to the library's acting director Valeriy Leonov, the sounded at 8:13 pm, when the library was closed for visitors. By the time the fire was extinguished the following afternoon, it had destroyed between 190,000 and 300,000 books of the total 12 million housed. About 3.5 million volumes initially became damp due to .
Norwich Library , England United Kingdom 1994-08-01 On August 1, 1994, Norwich Central Library caught fire due to an electrical fault. Over one hundred firefighters responded as the flames escalated and smoke became visible from twenty miles away. Over 100,000 books and thousands of historical documents were destroyed.
2003-04-15
image Germany 2004-09-02
, Rennie Mackintosh Library , Scotland United Kingdom 2014-05-24 & 2018-06-15 On May 24, 2014, a fire began inside the Charles Rennie Mackintosh building at the Glasgow School of Art. The Mackintosh Library was lost in the blaze; however all students and staff were directed to safety and no injuries resulted. The fire began after gases from an expanding foam canister being used in a student project were ignited by a sparking projector. At the time of the incident, the building's recently installed fire suppression system was not yet operational. While the Mackintosh building was under renovation following the 2014 fire, a second fire broke out around 11:15 p.m. on June 15, 2018. Larger in scale than the previous fire, the damages that resulted destroyed all of the building's renovation progress, as well as part of the school that had been left untouched by the first fire.
Russia 2015-01-31
Library 2015-12-18 In the very early hours of December 18, 2015, the Mzuzu University library caught fire. Although the library's wooden structure and carpeting spread the flames rapidly, students, staff, and firefighters on the scene attempted to rescue materials by carrying them out of the building and away from the flames. But by 5:00 a.m. the library collapsed, resulting in the loss of 45,000 volumes. Then a sudden rainstorm heightened the damage by soaking materials that had been carried out of the burning building.
image in Rio de Janeiro 2018-09-02 Not yet investigated. See . Museum library was also destroyed.
image (partially) 2021-04-18 Partially destroyed by the . However, the library's fire detection systems stopped the destruction of the entire collection.


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siqnalizasiya ve cileyici qurgularin qurasdirilmasi ile evez olunur Kondisioner kif problemlerini azaldir Butun bunlar yeni kitabxana dizayninin vacib hisseleridir Kitab yandirildiqdan sonra onu berpa etmek mumkun deyil ona gore de umumiyyetle qebul edilir ki yangini su ile sondurub sonra kitablari qurutmaq daha yaxsidir Kif kagizi mehv etdiyi ucun kitablar quruyana qeder dondurulur Qeyd olunan proses kitabi zedeleyecek lakin onu mehv etmeyecek ve informasiya toxunulmaz qalacaq Yangin ve ya diger sebeblerden zererin bas verme ehtimalini azaltmaq ve dagidici hadiseden sonra berpa ucun teleb olunan vaxti azaltmaq ucun kitabxanalarin felaketin idare edilmesi ve berpa planina ehtiyaci var Bundan elave xususile tarixi kitabxanalar ucun vaxtasiri yangin tehlukesizliyi yoxlamalari aparilir Meselen Konqres Kitabxanasi 2000 ci ilden beri her il yoxlamalardan kecir 1995 ci il Konqresin Hesabatliligi Aktindan evvel Konqres Kitabxanasi ve butun Capitol Hill binalari tehlukesizlik qaydalarindan azad idi Tarixi qoruma ve muasir tehlukesizlik standartlari arasinda tarazliq cetin oldugunu subut edir cunki hetta Konqres Kitabxanasinin 1997 ci ilde basa catdirilmis 12 illik temiri de bir cox yangin tehlukesini aradan qaldira bilmedi Bununla bele ABS in Uygunluq Ofisi nezerden kecirilmesinden sonra Konqres Kitabxanasi mumkun olan en yuksek tehlukesizlik seviyyesine nail olmaq movzusunda ohdeliyini aciqladi ve Kapitolinin ve Konqres Kitabxanasinin Memari her uc ayda bir tereqqi barede melumat vereceyini bildirdi Informasiya texnologiyalari yangindan herterefli qorunmanin basqa bir sebebidir Kitabxanalarda bu qeder komputer oldugundan daha cox istilik yaradan ve potensial yangin menbelerinin sayini artiran daha cox cixisin istifadesini teleb eden yer sahesinin azalmasi ve daha kicik daha guclu komputer sistemlerinin artmasi var Hele 1950 ci illerde komputer avadanliginin ve onun yerlesdiyi binalarin potensial tehlukeleri taninirdi Belelikle 1962 ci ilde Milli Yangindan Muhafize Assosiasiyasi elektron komputer sistemleri ucun xususi olaraq tetbiq edilen ilk tehlukesizlik standartlarini hazirlamaga basladi Bu standart NFPA 75 Informasiya Texnologiyasi Avadanliginin Muhafizesi adlanir FM Global Data Sheet 5 32 yalniz yangindan deyil hem de sudan enerji itkisinden ve s den qorunmaq ucun tovsiyeleri ehtiva eden basqa bir standartdir Insan faktoruSekil Kitabxananin adi Seher Olke Dagidilma tarixi Sebebkar lar Dagidilmanin sebebi ve ve ya tesviriAssurbanipalin kitabxanasi Nineva Yeni Assuriya carligi E e 612 ci il babillilerin skiflerin ve midiyalilarin koalisiyasi Nineva eramizdan evvel 612 ci ilde dagidildi qedim Iran xalqi olan babilliler skifler ve midiyalilarin koalisiyasi Ehtimal olunur ki saray yangini zamani gilden olan mixi lovhelerin qismen yanmasina sebeb olan boyuk yangin kitabxanani mehv etmisdi Potensial dagidilma hadise lovhelerin qorunub saxlanilmasina komek etdi Gil lovhelerdeki metnlerle yanasi uzvi tebietine gore itirilen bezi metnler mum lovhelere hekk olunmus idi ve Dovlet arxivi Syanyan Sin sulalesi E e 206 ci il Sin imperatoru Er Si e qarsi usyan eden eramizdan evvel 206 ci ilde oz qosunlarini Syanyana apardi O Syanyan sarayinin atesle mehv edilmesini emr etdi Isgenderiyye kitabxanasi Isgenderiyye Mubahiseli Mubahiseli Mubahiseli Imperator kitabxanasi Han sulalesi 189 AD Texliye zamani ehali kocurulduyu ucun seherin cox hissesi o cumleden imperiya kitabxanasi qesden yandirildi 460 461Afina 267 Herullar E e 267 ci ilde Herullarin istilasi zamani dagidilmis ve V esrde boyuk peristil binasina daxil edilmisdir Afina 267 Herullar Kitabxana 267 ci ilde Herullarin isgali zamani ciddi zedelenmis ve e e 407 412 ci illerde prefekt Herkuli terefinden berpa edilmisdir 364 The library had been heavily stocked by the aid of the perpetrator s non Christian predecessor Library of the 392 Following the conversion of the temple of Serapis into a church the library was destroyed Library of 976 amp religious scholars All books consisting of ancient science were destroyed in a surge of ultra orthodoxy Library of Rayy 1029 Sultan Burned the library and all books deemed as heretical Library at Sazava Monastery c 1097 Abbot Diethard After the removal of the Slavonic Benedictines from Sazava monastery the new abbot destroyed all books written in Library of Banu Ammar Dar al ilm 1109 Crusaders Following s surrender to Genoese mercenaries burned and looted part of the city The library Dar al ilm was burned Library of Ghazna 1151 City was sacked and burned for seven days Libraries and palaces built by the were destroyed Library of Nishapur 1154 City partially destroyed libraries sacked and burned Nalanda India 1193 Nalanda University complex the most renowned repository of Buddhist knowledge in the world at the time was sacked by Turkic Muslim invaders under the perpetrator this event is seen as a milestone in the 1204 The Crusaders In 1204 the library became a target of the knights of the The library itself was destroyed and its contents burned or sold s library Iran 1256 Library destroyed after the 1258 Destroyed during theLibraries of Constantinople 1453 Ottoman Turks After the Fall of Constantinople hundreds upon thousands of manuscripts were removed sold or destroyed from Constantinople s libraries 1499 The library was ransacked by troops of Cardinal Cisneros in late 1499 the books were taken to the where most of them were burned Buda 1526 Ottoman Turks Library was destroyed by Ottomans in the 1530s Royal officials The monastic libraries were destroyed or dispersed following the by England 1548 Royal officials The smashing and looting of the Cornish colleges at Glasney and brought an end to the formal scholarship which had helped to sustain the and the Cornish cultural identity Records on Gozo 1551 Ottoman Turks Most paper records held on were lost or destroyed during an in 1551 The raid is said to have led to the near total destruction of documentary evidence for life in medieval Gozo of the Mexico and Guatemala 1562 07 12 Bishop De Landa a and conquistador during the wrote We found a large number of books in these characters and as they contained nothing in which were not to be seen as superstition and lies of the devil we burned them all which they the Maya regretted to an amazing degree and which caused them much affliction Only three extant codices are widely considered unquestionably authentic Wales 1646 The s library was burnt during the by forces under the command of 1794 1944 troops After the 1794 Russian troops acting on orders from Czarina seized the library s holdings and transported them to her personal collection at where a year later it formed the cornerstone of the newly founded Parts of the collections were damaged or destroyed as they were mishandled while being removed from the library and transported to Russia and many were stolen According to the historian the Zaluskis books could be bought at by the basket The collection was later dispersed among several Russian libraries Some parts of the Zaluski collection came back to Poland on two separate dates in the nineteenth century 1842 and 1863 Government of the re established reclaimed in the 1920s some of the former Zaluski Library holdings from the following the The original building was destroyed by the Germans during soldiers also deliberately destroyed the collection held in the at the time see below during the in October 1944 after collapse of the Warsaw Uprising Only 1800 manuscripts and 30 000 printed materials from the original library survived the war After the war the original building was rebuilt under the Library of Congress United States 1814 Troops of the British Army The library was destroyed during the when British forces set fire to the during the This attack was retaliation for the burning of the Canadian towns of York and Niagara by American troops in 1813 Soon after its destruction the Library of Congress was reestablished largely thanks to the purchase of Thomas Jefferson s personal library in 1815 A second fire on December 24 1851 destroyed a large portion of the Library of Congress collection again however resulting in the loss of about two thirds of the Thomas Jefferson collection and an estimated 35 000 books in total Several libraries and major Mexican cities Mexico 1856 1867 troops and During and after the under the of and many convent libraries and Church owned school libraries were sacked or destroyed by Liberal troops and looters most notably included San Francisco Convent Library which had over 16 000 books great majority of them were unique collections of Spanish colonial era productions the library was totally destroyed Other important libraries included San Agustin Convent Library was looted and burned The Carmen de San Angel Convent and its library were also totally destroyed with a few books recovered other affected convent libraries to different degrees were those of Santo Domingo Las Capuchinas Santa Clara and the Church owned school Colegio de San Juan de Letran among others all of them in Mexico City Similar events happened all over Mexico especially in major cities Besides books other items such as altarpieces unique collections of colonial period crosses sculptures gold and silver chalices often robbed and melted were also lost Total estimates place the total of lost books and manuscripts at 100 000 by 1884 United States 1865 05 04 Troops of the Army During the Union troops destroyed most buildings on the University of Alabama campus including its library of approximately 7 000 volumes Mosque Library Turnovo Bulgaria Ottoman Empire 1877 Christian Bulgarians Turkish books in a library were destroyed when the mosque was burned Burma 1885 1887 Troops of the British Army The looted the palace at the end of the some of the artefacts which were taken away are still on display in the in London and burned down the royal library Hanlin Academy Library China 1900 06 23 4 Disputed Possibly the besieging the west of the Legation Quarter or possibly by the international defending forces During the in at the height of the the unofficial national library of China at the Hanlin Academy which was adjacent to the British Legation was set on fire by whom and whether deliberately or accidentally is still disputed and almost entirely destroyed Many of the books and scrolls that survived the flames were subsequently looted by forces of the victorious foreign powers Belgium 1914 08 25 1940 05 The Germans set the library on fire as part of the burning of the entire city in an attempt to use terror to quell Belgian resistance to occupation The library caught again fire during the German invasion of Louvain Belgium Dublin Ireland 1922 Disputed Poss deliberately by or accidental ignition of their stored explosives due to shelling by forces The was occupied by the at the start of the The building was bombarded by the forces under Several religious libraries Madrid 1931 and In 1931 several groups of radical leftists and anarchists with the complicit inaction of the in Madrid Most included important libraries Among them the and the with a library of 20 000 volumes the with a library of 80 000 volumes considered the second best in Spain at the time after the and the with 20 000 volumes including the archives of the Garcia Villada and 100 000 popular songs compiled by P Antonio Martinez Everything was lost Oriental Library also known as Dongfang Tushuguan 1932 02 01 During the in the Japanese forces bombed The and the attached Oriental Library setting it alight and destroying most of its collection of more than 500 000 volumes Berlin 1933 05 Members of the On 6 May 1933 the made an organised attack on the Institute of Sex Research A few days later the institute s library and archives were publicly hauled out and burned in the streets of the 1934 10 13 Revolutionaries or bombs thrown by government airplanes During the armed revolutionaries took and were repressed by the Spanish Army on orders by General Francisco Franco China 1937 1945 World War II Japanese Troops During Japanese military forces destroyed or partly destroyed numerous Chinese libraries including libraries at the lost 200 000 of 350 000 books the T ien chin totally destroyed 224 000 books lost Institute of Technology of He pei T ien chin completely destroyed Medical College of He pei Pao ting completely destroyed Agricultural College of He pei Pao ting completely destroyed University Ta Hsia Shanghai completely destroyed University Kuang Hua Shanghai completely destroyed National University of Hunan completely destroyed 1941 04 06 Destroyed during the on the order of Adolf Hitler himself Around 500 000 volumes and all collections of the library were destroyed in one of the largest book bonfires in European history Bulgaria 1943 1944 Allied air forces housing of the including the collection as well as those of the and the 1944 troops The library was deliberately set ablaze by troops in the aftermath of the suppression of the of 1944 The burning of this library was part of the general Library of the 1944 troops The library which housed the collections of the former was deliberately set ablaze by the troops in the aftermath of the suppression of the of 1944 The burning of this library was part of the general Depending on source 1800 to 3000 items constituting only 1 5 to 3 of the original collection albeit the most valuable part survived partially due to the fact that the troops burning the library did not notice the entrance to the basement at the rear side of the building 1944 troops In the aftermath of the suppression of the of 1944 the archives one of the pair of archives housing of the with the other located in were not only deliberately set ablaze but the troops also entered each of the nine accessible fire proof vaults in the underground shelter and meticulously burned one after another entrance to the 10th was blocked by rubble thus saving its contents Part of the general Multiple private libraries all over Tokyo Tokyo 1945 US army air force US firebombing of Tokyo in May 1945 destroyed many private Japanese libraries such as the 40 000 volumes in Hasegawa Nyozekan s house The firebombing of Tokyo destroyed the majority of personal libraries there with many publications from before the war being permanently lost Firebombing damaged Keio university in Tokyo 1945 troops Before the outbreak of the library already contained 500 000 book volumes In January 1945 it was set ablaze by retreating Nazi German soldiers As a result 300 000 books were destroyed another 100 000 were looted 1945 troops The retreating troops planted explosives in the building and triggered detonation demolishing the entire structure and burning 90 of the collection while the remaining 10 were looted in advance Beirut 1975 The 1975 war fighting began in Beirut s downtown where the National Library was located During the war years the library suffered significant damage According to some sources 1200 of most precious manuscripts disappeared and no memory is left of the Library s organization and operational procedures of that time 1976 1979 The Burnt most of the books and all bibliographical records Only 20 of materials survived 1981 05 Plainclothes police officers and others In May 1981 a mob composed of thugs and plainclothes police officers went on a rampage in minority dominated northern Jaffna and At least 95 000 volumes the second largest library collection in were destroyed 1984 06 07 Prior to its destruction by Indian troops the library hosted a vast collection of an estimated 20 000 literary works including 11 107 books 2 500 manuscripts newspaper archives historical letters documents files and others mostly on Sikhism and in the Punjabi language but also on other topics and in other languages Its destruction could have been a desperate act on failure to locate letters or documents that could have implicated the then Indian government and its leader Indira Gandhi 1989 12 2 Burnt down during the 1992 05 17 Destroyed by the shellfire during the 1992 08 25 The library was completely destroyed during the amp 1992 10 Destroyed during the City library Linkoping Sweden 1996 09 20 Lack of evidence for trial After a year of repeated minor arson attempts against an information bureau for immigrants located in the building the library is eventually burnt down to the ground 1998 Taliban militia It held 55 000 books and old manuscripts and other libraries 2003 04 Unknown members of the Bagdad population Several libraries looted set on fire damaged and destroyed in various degrees during the 2011 Over 5 000 books cataloged in LibraryThing were seized 2011 12 Aftermath of street clashes during the A first estimate says that only 30 000 volumes have been saved of a total of 200 000 Timbuktu library Mali 2013 01 28 militias Before the library was burned down it contained over 20 000 manuscripts with only a fraction of them having been scanned as of January 2013 Before and during the occupation more than 300 000 from the Institute and from private libraries were saved and moved to more secure locations 2013 03 12 Public riots 1 807 library books technological infrastructure including seven patron workstations a photocopy machine and a large screen television Libraries of 2013 headed by prime minister Digitization effort to reduce the nine original libraries to seven and save C443 000 annual cost Only 5 6 of the material was digitized and scientific records and research created at a taxpayer cost of tens of millions of dollars were dumped burned and given away Particularly noted are baseline data important to ecological research and data from 19th century exploration 2014 01 03 Unknown The Christian library was burned down it contained over 80 000 manuscripts and books partially 2014 02 07 Seven Bosnian rioters suspected of having started the fire two Salem Hatibovic and Nihad Trnka were arrested On 4 April 2014 Salem Hatibovic and Nihad Trnka were released although still under suspicion of terrorism on conditions that they don t leave their places of residence and abstain from having any contact with each other Both were also mandated to report to the police once every week During the large amounts of historical documents were destroyed when sections of the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina housed in the presidential building were set on fire Among the lost archival material were documents and gifts from the period original documents from the 1878 1918 as well as documentations of the interwar period the 1941 1945 rule of the papers from the following years and about 15 000 files from the 1996 2003 In the repositories that were burnt about 60 percent of the material was lost according to estimates by Saban Zahirovic the head of the Archives Mosul University libraries and private libraries Mosul 2014 12 Ongoing book burning Book burning Libraries in Al Anbar Governorate 2014 12 Ongoing book burning Book burning Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences INION partially Russia 2015 01 29 Unknown Fire spread to 2000 m2 in third Floor The roof caved in Additional water damage Ambient temperature too high for self freezing of damaged Works The library contains 14 million books including rare texts in ancient Slavic languages documents from the League of Nations UNESCO and parliamentary reports from countries including the US dating back as far as 1789 Central Public Library in Ninawa Mosul 2015 02 book burning 8 000 rare old books and manuscripts Manuscripts from the 18th century Syriac books printed in Iraq s first printing house in the 19th century books from the Ottoman era Iraqi newspapers from the early 20th century Howard College Law Library Durban 2016 09 06 protestors Law Library including early texts burnt by protesters during confrontations with the police Natural disastersImage Name of the library City Country Date of destruction Causes and or account of destruction1755 11 01 Japan 1923 09 01 An and the following fires In September 1923 Tokyo Imperial University library lost 700 000 volumes to the setting off fires 1931 1972 It was damaged in the 1931 earthquake Another earthquake in 1972 caused damage Several libraries archives and museums 2004 12 26 The See FireImage Name of the library City Country Date of destruction Account of destruction262 A fire caused by the or a Gothic invasion Library Denmark 1728 OctoberLondon United Kingdom 1731 10 23Library of Congress United States 1814 08 25United Kingdom 1879 01 11 A fire broke out behind a wooden partition serving as a temporary wall during building operations The fire caused extensive damage with only 1 000 volumes saved from a stock of 50 000 Library United States 1895 10 27United States 1911 03 29Lima Peru 1943 05 10library United States 1966 04 1819821983 St Michael s House was destroyed as a result of the The entire 40 000 volume library was lost including works from the 16th century Canada 1985 08 16 A lightning strike caused a short circuit in the electrical system which started a fire that destroyed the top floor of the building which housed the library United States 1986 04 29 amp 1986 09 03 At 10 52 a m on April 29 1986 a fire alarm alerted staff and patrons of a fire in the library s main building Over 350 firefighters responded to the blaze which burned for about 7 hours An estimated 400 000 books were destroyed and an additional 350 000 materials suffered significant amounts of smoke and water damaged The fire was determined to have begun on the fifth tier of the northeast stack Academy of Sciences Library 1988 02 14 The 1988 fire in the Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences now broke out on Sunday February 14 1988 in the newspaper section on the third floor of the library According to the library s acting director Valeriy Leonov the sounded at 8 13 pm when the library was closed for visitors By the time the fire was extinguished the following afternoon it had destroyed between 190 000 and 300 000 books of the total 12 million housed About 3 5 million volumes initially became damp due to Norwich Library England United Kingdom 1994 08 01 On August 1 1994 Norwich Central Library caught fire due to an electrical fault Over one hundred firefighters responded as the flames escalated and smoke became visible from twenty miles away Over 100 000 books and thousands of historical documents were destroyed 2003 04 15Germany 2004 09 02 Rennie Mackintosh Library Scotland United Kingdom 2014 05 24 amp 2018 06 15 On May 24 2014 a fire began inside the Charles Rennie Mackintosh building at the Glasgow School of Art The Mackintosh Library was lost in the blaze however all students and staff were directed to safety and no injuries resulted The fire began after gases from an expanding foam canister being used in a student project were ignited by a sparking projector At the time of the incident the building s recently installed fire suppression system was not yet operational While the Mackintosh building was under renovation following the 2014 fire a second fire broke out around 11 15 p m on June 15 2018 Larger in scale than the previous fire the damages that resulted destroyed all of the building s renovation progress as well as part of the school that had been left untouched by the first fire Russia 2015 01 31Library 2015 12 18 In the very early hours of December 18 2015 the Mzuzu University library caught fire Although the library s wooden structure and carpeting spread the flames rapidly students staff and firefighters on the scene attempted to rescue materials by carrying them out of the building and away from the flames But by 5 00 a m the library collapsed resulting in the loss of 45 000 volumes Then a sudden rainstorm heightened the damage by soaking materials that had been carried out of the burning building in Rio de Janeiro 2018 09 02 Not yet investigated See Museum library was also destroyed partially 2021 04 18 Partially destroyed by the However the library s fire detection systems stopped the destruction of the entire collection IstinadlarFadhil Muna Isis destroys thousands of books and manuscripts in Mosul libraries The Guardian 26 February 2015 Istifade tarixi 26 February 2015 Special Challenges Fire and Fire Suppression National Archives ingilis 2016 08 15 Istifade tarixi 2024 01 24 Fineberg Gail Moving Toward a Safer Library Compliance Office Issues Fire Safety Report Library of Congress Information Bulletin 60 no 3 65 March 2001 L A Inspection Scorches Fire Safety at LC American Libraries 32 no 3 17 18 March 2001 Fixen Edward L and Vidar S Landa Avoiding the Smell of Burning Data Consulting Specifying Engineer May 2006 Vol 39 Issue 5 p47 51 Sima Qian Records of the Grand Historian Biography of Emperor Gaozu The Alexandrian Library New Advent Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Lewis Bernard Lloyd Jones Hugh The Vanished Library The New York Review Istifade tarixi 5 December 2014 Chakra Hayden The Yellow Turban Rebellion 21 Years of Struggle About History April 14 2021 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 de Crespigny Rafe Fire over Luoyang A History of the Later Han Dynasty 23 220 AD Leiden Brill 2017 419 ISBN 9789004324916 Dirk Rohmann Christianity Book Burning and Censorship in Late Antiquity Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2016 240 John Edwin Sandys A History of Classical Scholarship From the End of the Sixth Century B C to the End of the Middle Ages Cambridge University Press 2011 113 Ann Christy Christians in Al Andalus 711 1000 Curzon Press 2002 142 Libraries Claude Gilliot Medieval Islamic Civilization L Z Index ed Josef W Meri Jere L Bacharach Routledge 2006 451 Mackensen Ruth Stellhorn Moslem Libraries and Sectarian Propaganda The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures The University of Chicago Press 51 2 January 1935 93 94 doi 10 1086 370447 JSTOR 528860 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Wolverton Lisa Hastening Toward Prague Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands University of Pennsylvania Press 2001 seh 134 ISBN 0 8122 3613 0 Steven Runciman A History of the Crusades Vol II Cambridge University Press 1999 69 C E Bosworth The Later Ghaznavids Columbia University Press 1977 117 The Tomb of Omar Khayyam George Sarton Isis Vol 29 No 1 July 1938 16 Sen Gertrude Emerson 1964 The Story of Early Indian Civilization Orient Longmans Ibn Taymiyya David Waines The Islamic World ed Andrew Rippin Routledge 2008 382 George Lane Daily Life in the Mongol Empire Greenwood Press 2006 88 Robert S Nelson The Italian Appreciation and Appropriation of Illuminated Byzantine Manuscripts Ca 1200 1450 Dumbarton Oaks Papers 49 1995 209 210 Mercedes Garcia Arenal Rodriquez and Fernando Rodriguez Mediano The Orient in Spain Converted Muslims the Forged Lead Books of Granada and the Rise of Orientalism transl Consuelo Lopez Morillas Brill 2013 41 DE Edit Szegedi Geschichtsbewusstsein und Gruppenidentitat Bohlau Verlag 2002 223 Notarial Archives discovery Documents from Gozo dating to 1431 saved from the bin 23 May 2015 6 May 2019 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Abela Joan Unearthing Gozo s Lost Medieval Past Vella Charlene redaktor At Home in Art Essays in Honour of Mario Buhagiar Malta Midsea Books 2016 29 46 ISBN 9789993275985 Witt Maria The Strange Life of One of the Greatest European Libraries of the Eighteenth Century FYI France September October 2005 March 1 2021 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Lech Chmielewski In the House under the Sign of the Kings Welcome to Warsaw 2009 02 03 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 2008 02 17 Maria Witt The Zaluski Collection in Warsaw The Strange Life of One of the Greatest European Libraries of the Eighteenth Century FYI France September October 2005 2021 03 01 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 2008 02 17 Rebecca Knuth Burning books and leveling libraries extremist violence and cultural destruction Greenwood Publishing Group 2006 seh 166 ISBN 0 275 99007 9 Dom pod Krolami warszawa1939 pl polyak Istifade tarixi 2008 02 17 Rebecca Knuth Burning Books and Leveling Libraries extremist violence and cultural destruction Westport Conn Praeger 2006 seh 166 ISBN 0 275 99007 9 Jefferson s Legacy A Brief History of the Library of Congress Library of Congress 2006 03 06 Istifade tarixi 2008 01 14 Murray Stuart The Library An Illustrated History New York NY Skyhorse Publishing 2009 190 191 ISBN 978 1 60239 706 4 Thomas Jefferson s Library Library of Congress 11 April 2008 Istifade tarixi 10 March 2020 Tovar de Teresa Guillermo La ciudad de los palacios cronica de un patrimonio perdido Volume 1 Editorial Vuelta 1990 14 ISBN 9789686258172 Baez Guillermo Historia Universal de la Destruccion de Libros OCEANO 2013 220 222 Wolfe Suzanne Rau The University of Alabama A Pictorial History Tuscaloosa Alabama The University of Alabama Press 1983 57 59 R J Crampton A Concise History of Bulgaria Cambridge University Press 2006 111 Bird George W Wanderings in Burma London F J Bright amp Son 1897 seh 254 Kramer Alan Dynamic of Destruction Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War London Penguin 2008 ISBN 978 1 84614 013 6 Gibson Craig The culture of destruction in the First World War Times Literary Supplement No January 30 2008 2008 Istifade tarixi 2008 02 18 University of Louvain International Dictionary of University Histories ed Carol J Summerfield Mary Elizabeth Devine Anthony Levi Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 1998 531 Hill J R A New History of Ireland Volume VII Ireland 1921 84 Oxford University Press 2003 Chapter II p2 ISBN 978 0 19 161559 7 Ferriter Diarmaid The Limits of Liberty Episode 1 RTE 2010 Godley Michael R Review of The Life and Times of Zhang Yuanji 1867 1959 by Manying Ip Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 1988 415 418 doi 10 2307 2158575 JSTOR 2158575 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 A Description of the Oriental Library Before and After the Destruction by Japanese on February 1 1932 Mercury Press 1932 seh 5 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Jiayun Ke Bombed out library with revolutionary past March 15 2018 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Ruiz David Los revolucionarios volaron la Catedral pero no la Universidad The revolutionaries blew up the Cathedral but not the University Atlantica XXII ispan 41 13 February 2016 Istifade tarixi 9 October 2024 a dia de hoy ya no hay plena constancia de que el tragico episodio tenga la firma de los revolucionarios que combatieron en la capital Hoeven Hans van der Albada Jan van Lost memory libraries and archives destroyed in the twentieth century United Nations 1996 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Dejan Ristic Hitler je naredio prvo unistiti Narodnu biblioteku Hitler ordered first destroy the National Library Politika serb 3 April 2016 Jelena Calija Dejan Ristic Dvostruko stradaњe Narodne biblioteke Srbiјe Double suffering of the National Library of Serbia Politika serb 15 March 2020 seh 8 Majewski Piotr Wojna i kultura Instytucje kultury polskiej w okupacyjnych realiach Generalnego Gubernatorstwa 1939 1945 Warsaw Wydawnictwo TRI 2005 271 ISBN 83 7436 003 8 Strebel Adam Archives of Warsaw following the war PDF Przeglad Historyczny 37 1948 357 373 Istifade tarixi 22 July 2021 Hanneman Mary L Hasegawa Nyozekan and Liberalism in Modern Japan Global Oriental 2007 seh 24 ISBN 978 9004213364 Solt John Shredding the Tapestry of Meaning The Poetry and Poetics of Kitasono Katue 1902 1978 reprint BRILL 2020 seh 3 ISBN 978 1684173266 Weiss Andrew Using Massive Digital Libraries A LITA Guide reprint American Library Association 2014 ISBN 978 0838919743 Biblioteka na Koszykowej O nas August 15 2010 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi July 9 2021 Knuth Rebecca Destroying a Symbol Checkered History of Sri Lanka s Jaffna Public Library PDF 2006 06 27 Istifade tarixi 2008 08 30 Brar Kamaldeep Singh Explained The mystery of missing articles of Sikh Reference Library The Indian Express 20 June 2019 25 December 2020 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Kaur Jaskaran Crossette Barbara 2006 http ensaaf org jklaw net publications reports 20years 20years 2nd pdf The Tribune Chandigarh India Main News The Smoking Gun Recovered United Sikhs documentary https www youtube com watch v i6AFP1NiF U 1895 1948 Fundaţia Universitară Carol I Istoric Romanian Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Legea recunostinţei made in Romania agenţii represiunii ceausiste au ajuns luptători remarcaţi Romanian June 3 2010 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Related Articles The Bosnian Manuscript Ingathering Project August 8 2013 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Riedlmayer Andras Erasing the Past The Destruction of Libraries and Archives in Bosnia Herzegovina July 1995 January 18 2012 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Riedlmayer Andras J Crimes of war crimes of peace destruction of libraries during and after the Balkan wars of the 1990s Library Trends Johns Hopkins University Press 56 1 2007 107 132 doi 10 1353 lib 2007 0057 2142 3784 Homepage Institute for War amp Peace Reporting September 22 2019 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Abkhazia s archive fire of war ashes of history YouTube November 30 2008 July 29 2013 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 de Baets Antoon Censorship of historical thought a world guide 1945 2000 Greenwood Publishing Group 2002 ISBN 9780313311932 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Prized Iraqi annals lost in blaze BBC April 14 2003 August 27 2011 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Photos by Dr Saad Eskander of damage to Iraq National Library and Archive 27 April 2010 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 5 December 2014 Pictures of Damaged Libraries in Iraq 3 September 2011 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 5 December 2014 MELA Committee on Iraqi Libraries 9 November 2013 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 5 December 2014 ICBS Assessment of damage to Libraries and Archives in Iraq 14 August 2015 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 5 December 2014 Norton Daniel Henk Mandy Fagin Betsy Taylor Jaime Loeb Zachary OCCUPY WALL STREET LIBRARIANS SPEAK OUT PDF Progressive Librarian 38 39 38 39 Spring 2012 3 16 Istifade tarixi 21 October 2018 Un incendio durante los disturbios de El Cairo destruye el original de la Descripcion de Egipto encargada por Napoleon El Pais Spanish December 18 2011 January 26 2021 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Harding Luke Timbuktu mayor Mali rebels torched library of historic manuscripts The Guardian January 28 2013 Istifade tarixi January 28 2013 Walker Peter Timbuktu library is treasure house of centuries of Malian history The Guardian January 28 2013 Istifade tarixi January 28 2013 Fleeing Islamists burn priceless Timbuktu library Debkaflile January 28 2013 January 29 2013 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Lor Pieter Burning Libraries for the People Questions and Challenges for the Library Profession in South Africa PDF Libri 6 4 2013 359 372 doi 10 1515 libri 2013 0028 Istifade tarixi 22 July 2020 Nikiforuk Andrew Secret Memo Casts Doubt on Feds Claims for Science Library Closures Goal stated is culling research not preserving and sharing through digitization The Tyee 30 December 2013 Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Irreplaceable research lost from purged federal libraries BC Green Party MLA Andrew Weaver says government didn t digitize entire libraries as promised News1130 6 January 2014 Lebanon Loses 78000 Books To Terrorism Tripoli s Al Sa eh Library Burned 2014 01 06 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Tripoli Figures Condemn Torching Famed Library as Father Sarrouj Forgives Attackers 2014 01 07 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib 20 Pictures Of Al Sa eh Library in Tripoli Before It Got Torched 2014 01 06 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Custody of the Suspects Hatibovic and Trnka terminated and prohibiting measures ordered Court of Bosnia amp Herzegovina 7 April 2014 Istifade tarixi 13 December 2014 Sedmorica osumnjicena za paljenje Predsjednistva i Arhiva BiH xorvat tportal hr 9 March 2014 Istifade tarixi 13 December 2014 Ogromna steta dio dokumentacije nepovratno unisten tportal hr 13 February 2014 Istifade tarixi 19 February 2014 Nepovratno unisten deo Arhiva BiH B92 13 February 2014 Istifade tarixi 19 February 2014 Direktor Arhiva BiH tvrdi Izgorjelo je 60 posto depoa Oslobođenje 13 February 2014 23 February 2014 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 17 February 2014 داعش يحرق آلاف الكتب في الموصل والأنبار elaph com 23 February 2015 Istifade tarixi 22 February 2015 A Moscow library containing rare UN documents ancient Slavic texts and 14 million books is on fire QUARTZ 30 January 2015 Istifade tarixi 31 January 2015 ISIS Burns 8000 Rare Books and Manuscripts in Mosul Yahoo Finance The Fiscal Times 23 February 2015 Istifade tarixi 25 February 2015 Withnall Adam Nazi style book burning roundly condemned but protesters say incident masks a bigger problem The Independent ingilis 7 September 2016 Istifade tarixi 3 May 2021 Raven J redaktorLost Libraries The Destruction of Great Book Collections Since Antiquity illustrated Springer 2004 seh 7 ISBN 0230524257 Mack Edward Manufacturing Modern Japanese Literature Publishing Prizes and the Ascription of Literary Value illustrated Duke University Press 2010 seh 71 ISBN 978 0822391654 Scott Andrew C Fire a Very Short Introduction 640 of Very Short Introductions Series illustrated Oxford University Press 2020 seh 16 ISBN 978 0198830030 yoquepierdo Preserving Memories from Nicaragua Los Angeles Archivists Collective ingilis 2019 07 14 Istifade tarixi 2024 01 24 Ndumu Ana Mon Lorraine An investigation of the experiences of Nicaraguan Costeno librarians IFLA Journal ingilis 44 2 2018 106 118 doi 10 1177 0340035218764496 ISSN 0340 0352 The Economic Impact of the 26 December 2004 Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami in Thailand OD Mekong Datahub data opendevelopmentmekong net ingilis Istifade tarixi 2024 01 24 Amarasiri Upali Tsunami Affected Libraries in Sri Lanka Rebuilding Process and Challenges PDF 2005 Istifade tarixi January 24 2024 Notes on the history of Birmingham Public Libraries 1861 1961 Birmingham 1962 Charles A Halbert Public Library Ministry of Education Saint Christopher and Nevis October 8 2011 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Moore Scott Fire brought death to house of tranquility Trove 1983 02 16 Istifade tarixi 2024 03 13 The Buildings of Dalhousie University Weldon Law Building Building History Library dal ca 1967 03 18 2016 01 07 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 2015 07 10 April 29 Marks 30th Anniversary of 1986 Fire Los Angeles Public Library Istifade tarixi 13 March 2020 Leningrad Library Fire Abbey Newsletter Jun 1988 Istifade tarixi 23 May 2014 1994 Library fire wipes out historic records BBC August 1994 October 3 2003 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi May 9 2022 Norwich Central Library fire 25 years on BBC News Istifade tarixi 14 March 2020 Walker Peter Glasgow School of Art fire fire damages Charles Rennie Mackintosh building as it happened The Guardian 23 May 2014 Istifade tarixi 13 March 2020 Brooks Libby Glasgow School of Art fire caused by gases from foam canister says report The Guardian 26 November 2014 Istifade tarixi 13 March 2020 Solly Meilan Glasgow School of Art Will Be Rebuilt But Construction Could Last Up to a Decade Smithsonian Magazine Istifade tarixi 13 March 2020 Mzuni library completely destroyed by fire 18 December 2015 Istifade tarixi 19 December 2015 Dube Gift Alfred B Kanyundo Allan J Majawa Felix P COPING WITH THE FIRE DISASTER AT MZUZU UNIVERSITY EXPERIENCES FROM LIBRARIANS AND STUDENTS PDF Scecsal Istifade tarixi 14 March 2020 Persens Lizell Fire wreaks destruction on UCT Eyewitness News ingilis 2021 04 18 Istifade tarixi 2021 04 18 Tembo Theolin Some of our valuable collections at Jagger Library have been lost in the fire says UCT libraries head 2021 04 18 Istifade 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