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Üləma (ərəb. علماء) — islamda dini biliklərin, o cümlədən islam doktrinasının və hüququnun qoruyucuları, ötürücüləri və tərcüməçiləri.
Tarixi ənənəyə görə, üləmalar dini müəssisələrdə, yəni mədrəsələrdə təhsil alırlar. Quran və sünnə ənənvi islam hüququnun müqəddəs qaynaqlarıdır.
İstinadlar
- Brown, Jonathan A.C. Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. 2014. səh. 3. ISBN .
The ulama (literally, the learned ones)
- Cl. Gilliot; R.C. Repp; K.A. Nizami; M.B. Hooker; Chang-Kuan Lin; J.O. Hunwick. P. Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (redaktorlar ). ʿUlamāʾ. In: Encyclopaedia of Islam (2). Leiden: E.J. Brill. 2012. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1278. ISBN .
- Muhammad Qasim Zaman. The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton University Press. 2007. səh. 1. ISBN .
Əlavə ədəbiyyat
- Guy Burak. The second formation of Islamic Law. The Hanafi School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2015. ISBN .
- Robert W. Hefner; Muhammad Qasim Zaman, redaktorlar Schooling Islam: The culture and politics of modern Muslim education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2007. ISBN .
- Thomas Pierret. Religion and state in Syria. The Sunni ulama from coup to revolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2013. ISBN .
- Muhammad Qasim Zaman. The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton University Press. 2007. ISBN .PDF, accessed 2 May 2017
- Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. Cook, Michael (redaktor). Transmitters of authority and ideas across cultural boundaries, eleventh to eighteenth century. In: The new Cambridge history of Islam (3rd). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN .
- Bein, Amit. Ottoman Ulema, Turkish Republic: Agents of Change and Guardians of Tradition (2011) Amazon.com
- Hatina, Meir. Ulama, Politics, and the Public Sphere: An Egyptian Perspective (2010). ISBN ISBN 978-1-60781-032-2
- Heyd. Uriel. "Some Aspects of The Ottoman Fetva." School of Oriental and African Studies Bulletin; 32 (1969), p. 35–56.
- Inalcik, Halil. 1973. "Learning, the Medrese, and the Ulema." In The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600. New York: Praeger, pp. 165–178.
- Mehmet, Ipsirli, Guidelines to the Jurisprudence of Ottoman Ulema
- Rabithah Ma'ahid Islamiyah Biografi Ulama of Indonesia
- Tasar, Murat. "The Ottoman Ulema: their understanding of knowledge and scholarly contribution." The Turks. 3: Ottomans. Editors: Hasan Celâl Güzel, C.Cem Oğuz, Osman Karatay. Ankara: Yeni Türkiye, 2002, pp. 841–850.
- Zilfi, Madeline C. 1986. "The Kadizadelis: Discordant Revivalism in Seventeenth Century Istanbul." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 45 (4): 251–269.
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Ulema ereb علماء islamda dini biliklerin o cumleden islam doktrinasinin ve huququnun qoruyuculari oturuculeri ve tercumecileri Tarixi eneneye gore ulemalar dini muessiselerde yeni medreselerde tehsil alirlar Quran ve sunne enenvi islam huququnun muqeddes qaynaqlaridir IstinadlarBrown Jonathan A C Misquoting Muhammad The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet s Legacy Oneworld Publications 2014 seh 3 ISBN 978 1 78074 420 9 The ulama literally the learned ones Cl Gilliot R C Repp K A Nizami M B Hooker Chang Kuan Lin J O Hunwick P Bearman P Bianquis Th Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P redaktorlar ʿUlamaʾ In Encyclopaedia of Islam 2 Leiden E J Brill 2012 doi 10 1163 1573 3912 islam COM 1278 ISBN 978 90 04 16121 4 Muhammad Qasim Zaman The Ulama in Contemporary Islam Custodians of Change Princeton University Press 2007 seh 1 ISBN 978 0 691 13070 5 Elave edebiyyatGuy Burak The second formation of Islamic Law The Hanafi School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press 2015 ISBN 978 1 107 09027 9 Robert W Hefner Muhammad Qasim Zaman redaktorlar Schooling Islam The culture and politics of modern Muslim education Princeton NJ Princeton University Press 2007 ISBN 978 0 691 12933 4 Thomas Pierret Religion and state in Syria The Sunni ulama from coup to revolution Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press 2013 ISBN 978 1 107 60990 7 Muhammad Qasim Zaman The Ulama in Contemporary Islam Custodians of Change Princeton University Press 2007 ISBN 978 0 691 13070 5 PDF accessed 2 May 2017 Zaman Muhammad Qasim Cook Michael redaktor Transmitters of authority and ideas across cultural boundaries eleventh to eighteenth century In The new Cambridge history of Islam 3rd Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press 2010 ISBN 978 0 521 51536 8 Bein Amit Ottoman Ulema Turkish Republic Agents of Change and Guardians of Tradition 2011 Amazon com Hatina Meir Ulama Politics and the Public Sphere An Egyptian Perspective 2010 ISBN 978 1 60781 032 2ISBN 978 1 60781 032 2 Heyd Uriel Some Aspects of The Ottoman Fetva School of Oriental and African Studies Bulletin 32 1969 p 35 56 Inalcik Halil 1973 Learning the Medrese and the Ulema In The Ottoman Empire The Classical Age 1300 1600 New York Praeger pp 165 178 Mehmet Ipsirli Guidelines to the Jurisprudence of Ottoman Ulema Rabithah Ma ahid Islamiyah Biografi Ulama of Indonesia Tasar Murat The Ottoman Ulema their understanding of knowledge and scholarly contribution The Turks 3 Ottomans Editors Hasan Celal Guzel C Cem Oguz Osman Karatay Ankara Yeni Turkiye 2002 pp 841 850 Zilfi Madeline C 1986 The Kadizadelis Discordant Revivalism in Seventeenth Century Istanbul Journal of Near Eastern Studies 45 4 251 269