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Mürtədlik (ərəb. مُرْتَدّ) və ya irtidad (ərəb. اِرْتِدَاد – "dönmə, üz döndərmə") — bir şəxsin rəsmi şəkildə dindən çıxması, onu tərk etməsi və ya dindən imtina etməsi. Bu, həm də daha geniş kontekstdə bir şəxsin əvvəlki dini inanclarına zidd olan fikri qəbul etməsi kimi müəyyən edilə bilər. Dindən dönən şəxs mürtəd kimi tanınır. Mürtəd olmuş şəxslər bu sözün mənfi çalarının olmasına görə özlərini mürtəd adlandırmaqdan çəkinirlər, lakin bu termin sosioloqlar tərəfindən texniki mənada, heç bir alçaldıcı məna daşımadan istifadə olunur.
Bəzən bu termin həm də siyasi partiya, və ya idman komandası kimi qeyri-dini inancdan və ya səbəbdən imtina etmək üçün metafor kimi istifadə olunur.
Bir çox dini qruplar və bəzi dövlətlər mürtədləri cəzalandırır. Bu, müəyyən bir dini qrupun rəsmi siyasəti yaxud da sadəcə olaraq üzvlərinin könüllü hərəkəti də ola bilər. Bu cür cəzalara aforoz, şifahi təhqir, fiziki zorakılıq və ya hətta edam daxil ola bilər.
İstinadlar
- Paul W. Barnett, Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments, "Apostasy," 73.
- "İRTİDAD". 2022-12-13 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2022-12-13.
- Mallet (Biography), Edme-François. "Mallet, Edme-François, and François-Vincent Toussaint. "Apostasy". The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Rachel LaFortune. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2012. Web. 1 April 2015. Trans. of "Apostasie", Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. 1. Paris, 1751". Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert - Collaborative Translation Project. quod.lib.umich.edu. 15 September 2012. 13 December 2022 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2015-08-16.
- , The Times, February 05, 2005
Əlavə ədəbiyyat
- Bromley, David G. 1988. Falling From the Faith: The Causes and Consequences of Religious Apostasy. Beverly Hills: Sage.
- Dunlop, Mark, , 2001
- Introvigne, Massimo (1997), , Nova Religio 3 (1), 83–99
- The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906). The Kopelman Foundation. 2014-10-30 at the Wayback Machine
- Lucas, Phillip Charles, The Odyssey of a New Religion: The Holy Order of MANS from New Age to Orthodoxy Indiana University press;
- Lucas, Phillip Charles, Shifting Millennial Visions in New Religious Movements: The case of the Holy Order of MANS in The year 2000: Essays on the End edited by Charles B. Strozier, New York University Press 1997;
- Lucas, Phillip Charles, The Eleventh Commandment Fellowship: A New Religious Movement Confronts the Ecological Crisis, Journal of Contemporary Religion 10:3, 1995:229–41;
- Lucas, Phillip Charles, Social factors in the Failure of New Religious Movements: A Case Study Using Stark's Success Model SYZYGY: Journal of Alternative Religion and Culture 1:1, Winter 1992:39–53
- Wright, Stuart A. 1988. "Leaving New Religious Movements: Issues, Theory and Research," pp. 143–165 in David G. Bromley (ed.), Falling From the Faith. Beverly Hills: Sage.
- Wright, Stuart A. 1991. "Reconceptualizing Cult Coercion and Withdrawal: A Comparative Analysis of Divorce and Apostasy." Social Forces 70 (1):125–145.
- Wright, Stuart A. and Helen R. Ebaugh. 1993. "Leaving New Religions," pp. 117–138 in David G. Bromley and Jeffrey K. Hadden (eds.), Handbook of Cults and Sects in America. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
- Zablocki, Benjamin et al., Research on NRMs in the Post-9/11 World, in Lucas, Phillip Charles et al. (ed.), NRMs in the 21st Century: legal, political, and social challenges in global perspective, 2004, ISBN
- Babinski, Edward (editor), Leaving the Fold: Testimonies of Former Fundamentalists. Prometheus Books, 2003. ISBN ISBN ; ISBN
- Dubreuil, J. P. 1994 L'Église de Scientology. Facile d'y entrer, difficile d'en sortir. Sherbrooke: private edition (ex-Church of Scientology)
- Huguenin, T. 1995 Le 54e Paris Fixot (ex-Ordre du Temple Solaire who would be the 54th victim)
- Kaufman, Robert, Inside Scientology: How I Joined Scientology and Became Superhuman, 1972 and revised in 1995.
- Lavallée, G. 1994 L'alliance de la brebis. Rescapée de la secte de Moïse, Montréal: Club Québec Loisirs (ex-Roch Thériault)
- Remini, Leah, Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology. Ballantine Books, 2015. ISBN ISBN
- Carter, Lewis, F. Lewis, Carriers of Tales: On Assessing Credibility of Apostate and Other Outsider Accounts of Religious Practices published in the book The Politics of Religious Apostasy: The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements edited by David G. Bromley Westport, CT, Praeger Publishers, 1998. ISBN ISBN
- Elwell, Walter A. (Ed.) Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, Volume 1 A–I, Baker Book House, 1988, pages 130–131, "Apostasy". ISBN ISBN
- Palmer, Susan J. Apostates and their Role in the Construction of Grievance Claims against the Northeast Kingdom/Messianic Communities 2005-10-23 at the Wayback Machine Archived 2005-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
- Wilson, S. G., Leaving the Fold: Apostates and Defectors in Antiquity. Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2004. ISBN ISBN ; ISBN
- Wright, Stuart. "Post-Involvement Attitudes of Voluntary Defectors from Controversial New Religious Movements". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 23 (1984):172–182.
Xarici keçidlər
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Vikianbarda Mürtədlik ilə əlaqəli mediafayllar var.- Laws Criminalizing Apostasy, Library of Congress (overview of the apostasy laws of 23 countries in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia)
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Murtedlik ereb م ر ت د ve ya irtidad ereb ا ر ت د اد donme uz donderme bir sexsin resmi sekilde dinden cixmasi onu terk etmesi ve ya dinden imtina etmesi Bu hem de daha genis kontekstde bir sexsin evvelki dini inanclarina zidd olan fikri qebul etmesi kimi mueyyen edile biler Dinden donen sexs murted kimi taninir Murted olmus sexsler bu sozun menfi calarinin olmasina gore ozlerini murted adlandirmaqdan cekinirler lakin bu termin sosioloqlar terefinden texniki menada hec bir alcaldici mena dasimadan istifade olunur Iuda bir opusle Isaya xeyanet edir On iki hevariden biri olan murted olmusdur Bezen bu termin hem de siyasi partiya ve ya idman komandasi kimi qeyri dini inancdan ve ya sebebden imtina etmek ucun metafor kimi istifade olunur Bir cox dini qruplar ve bezi dovletler murtedleri cezalandirir Bu mueyyen bir dini qrupun resmi siyaseti yaxud da sadece olaraq uzvlerinin konullu hereketi de ola biler Bu cur cezalara aforoz sifahi tehqir fiziki zorakiliq ve ya hetta edam daxil ola biler IstinadlarPaul W Barnett Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments Apostasy 73 IRTIDAD 2022 12 13 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2022 12 13 Mallet Biography Edme Francois Mallet Edme Francois and Francois Vincent Toussaint Apostasy The Encyclopedia of Diderot amp d Alembert Collaborative Translation Project Translated by Rachel LaFortune Ann Arbor Michigan Publishing University of Michigan Library 2012 Web 1 April 2015 Trans of Apostasie Encyclopedie ou Dictionnaire raisonne des sciences des arts et des metiers vol 1 Paris 1751 Encyclopedia of Diderot amp d Alembert Collaborative Translation Project quod lib umich edu 15 September 2012 13 December 2022 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2015 08 16 The Times February 05 2005Elave edebiyyatBromley David G 1988 Falling From the Faith The Causes and Consequences of Religious Apostasy Beverly Hills Sage Dunlop Mark 2001 Introvigne Massimo 1997 Nova Religio 3 1 83 99 The Jewish Encyclopedia 1906 The Kopelman Foundation 2014 10 30 at the Wayback Machine Lucas Phillip Charles The Odyssey of a New Religion The Holy Order of MANS from New Age to Orthodoxy Indiana University press Lucas Phillip Charles Shifting Millennial Visions in New Religious Movements The case of the Holy Order of MANS in The year 2000 Essays on the End edited by Charles B Strozier New York University Press 1997 Lucas Phillip Charles The Eleventh Commandment Fellowship A New Religious Movement Confronts the Ecological Crisis Journal of Contemporary Religion 10 3 1995 229 41 Lucas Phillip Charles Social factors in the Failure of New Religious Movements A Case Study Using Stark s Success Model SYZYGY Journal of Alternative Religion and Culture 1 1 Winter 1992 39 53 Wright Stuart A 1988 Leaving New Religious Movements Issues Theory and Research pp 143 165 in David G Bromley ed Falling From the Faith Beverly Hills Sage Wright Stuart A 1991 Reconceptualizing Cult Coercion and Withdrawal A Comparative Analysis of Divorce and Apostasy Social Forces 70 1 125 145 Wright Stuart A and Helen R Ebaugh 1993 Leaving New Religions pp 117 138 in David G Bromley and Jeffrey K Hadden eds Handbook of Cults and Sects in America Greenwich CT JAI Press Zablocki Benjamin et al Research on NRMs in the Post 9 11 World in Lucas Phillip Charles et al ed NRMs in the 21st Century legal political and social challenges in global perspective 2004 ISBN 0 415 96577 2 Babinski Edward editor Leaving the Fold Testimonies of Former Fundamentalists Prometheus Books 2003 ISBN 1 59102 217 7ISBN 1 59102 217 7 ISBN 978 1 59102 217 6 Dubreuil J P 1994 L Eglise de Scientology Facile d y entrer difficile d en sortir Sherbrooke private edition ex Church of Scientology Huguenin T 1995 Le 54e Paris Fixot ex Ordre du Temple Solaire who would be the 54th victim Kaufman Robert Inside Scientology How I Joined Scientology and Became Superhuman 1972 and revised in 1995 Lavallee G 1994 L alliance de la brebis Rescapee de la secte de Moise Montreal Club Quebec Loisirs ex Roch Theriault Remini Leah Troublemaker Surviving Hollywood and Scientology Ballantine Books 2015 ISBN 978 1 2500 9693 7ISBN 978 1 2500 9693 7 Carter Lewis F Lewis Carriers of Tales On Assessing Credibility of Apostate and Other Outsider Accounts of Religious Practices published in the book The Politics of Religious Apostasy The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements edited by David G Bromley Westport CT Praeger Publishers 1998 ISBN 0 275 95508 7ISBN 0 275 95508 7 Elwell Walter A Ed Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible Volume 1 A I Baker Book House 1988 pages 130 131 Apostasy ISBN 0 8010 3447 7ISBN 0 8010 3447 7 Palmer Susan J Apostates and their Role in the Construction of Grievance Claims against the Northeast Kingdom Messianic Communities 2005 10 23 at the Wayback Machine Archived 2005 10 23 at the Wayback Machine Wilson S G Leaving the Fold Apostates and Defectors in Antiquity Augsburg Fortress Publishers 2004 ISBN 0 8006 3675 9ISBN 0 8006 3675 9 ISBN 978 0 8006 3675 3 Wright Stuart Post Involvement Attitudes of Voluntary Defectors from Controversial New Religious Movements Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 23 1984 172 182 Xarici kecidlerVikianbarda Murtedlik ile elaqeli mediafayllar var Laws Criminalizing Apostasy Library of Congress overview of the apostasy laws of 23 countries in Africa the Middle East South Asia and Southeast Asia