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Əbu Bəkrə beyət etməyən şəxslərin siyahısı — Məhəmmədin ölümündən sonra Məhəmmədlə yaxınlığı və Məhəmmədin özünün ifadələri səbəbindən Əlinin Məhəmmədin yerinə keçəcəyi geniş şəkildə gözlənilirdi. Lakin Əli Məhəmmədin dəfn mərasimini yerinə yetirərkən bir qrup səhabə ortaya çıxaraq Əbu Bəkri xəlifə elan etdi. Buna baxmayaraq bir neçə görkəmli səhabə də Əliyə sadiq qaldı.
Zəmin
Hicri 11-ci ildə (miladi 632-ci ildə) Məhəmmədin vəfatından dərhal sonra ənsarlardan bir neçəsi (mədinəlilər) Səidə qəbiləsinin Səqifəsində (həyətində) toplandılar. Madelunqa görə ənsarlar çox güman ki, Məhəmmədə sədaqətlərinin onun ölümü ilə bitdiyinə inanırdılar və Məhəmmədin icmasının dağılacağını gözləyirdilər. Bu səbəbdən onların görüşündə məqsəd mühacirlərin əksəriyyətinin (Məkkədən köçənlər) onsuz da Məkkəyə qayıdacağına inamla öz şəhərləri, Mədinə üzərində nəzarəti bərpa etmək ola bilərdi.
Buna baxmayaraq, Məhəmmədin hər iki əsas yoldaşı Əbu Bəkr və Ömər məclisi öyrəndikdən sonra Səqifəyə doğru tələsdilər. Ənsardan bir başçının Ömər tərəfindən döyülərək tabe olunduğu qızğın görüşdən sonra Səqifədə toplaşan müsəlmanların kiçik qrupu Əbu Bəkrin müsəlman icmasının yeni başçısı olması barədə razılığa gəldilər. Səqifə hadisəsi Məhəmmədin onu dəfn etməyə hazırlaşan ailəsini və mühacirlərin çoxunu kənarda qoydu. Məhəmmədin qəbiləsinin bir çox üzvü, Bəni Haşim, eləcə də bir sıra Məhəmmədin səhabələri Əbu Bəkrin namizədliyinə qarşı çıxdı; onlar Əlinin Məhəmmədin qanuni xəlifəsi olduğunu və onun Qədir-Xum hadisəsində təyin olunduğunu müdafiə etdilər. Məhəmmədin varisliyi ilə bağlı məsələ nəhayət İslamın iki əsas məzhəbinin yaranmasına gətirib çıxaracaqdı, sünnilər Əbu Bəkri Məhəmmədin varisi, şiələr isə Əlinin Məhəmmədin qanuni varisi olduğuna inanırlar.
Siyahı
Müxtəlif mənbələrə görə Səqifə hadisəsindən dərhal sonra Əbu Bəkrə beyət etməyən xeyli sayda insan var idi. Onlardan bəziləri bir qədər gecikdikdən sonra müxtəlif səbəblərdən sonra ona beyət etdi. Aşağıdakılar bunlar idi:
| Xəttatlıq | Ad | Sülalə | Məhəmmədin sağlığında tutduğu mövqe | Qeydlər |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Abbas ibn Əbdülmüttəlib | Bəni Haşim |
|
|
| Əbu Əyyub əl-Ənsari | Bəni-Nəccar (ata tərəfi); Bəni-Xəzrəc (ana tərəfi) |
| ||
| Əbu Bərzə əl-Əsləmi | ||||
 | Əbuzər əl-Ğəffari | Bəni Ğəffar |
| |
| Bəra ibn Azib ibn Haris əl-Ənsari | Bəni Xəzrəc | |||
 | Əli ibn Əbi Talib | Bəni Haşim | Ətraflı məlumat: Əli 1-ci imam. 2-ci məsum. Məhəmmədin əmisi oğlu. 4-cü Raşidi xəlifə. |
|
 | Əmmar ibn Yasir | Bəni Məxzum (mənsubiyyət) |
| |
| Bilal ibn Rubah əl-Həbəşi | Bəni Cümə |
|
| |
| Fəzl ibn Abbas | Bəni Haşim |
| ||
| Fərva ibn Amr ibn Vədqə əl-Ənsari | ||||
 | Fatimə | Bəni Haşim |
|
|
| Hüzeyfə ibn əl-Yəman | Bəni Avs | |||
 | Abdullah ibn Abbas | Bəni Haşim |
| |
| Xalid ibn Səid | Bəni Üməyyə | |||
| Xuzeymə ibn Sabit | Bəni Avs | |||
| Malik ibn Nuveyra | Bəni Yarbu |
| ||
| Miqdad ibn Əmr | ||||
| Qeys ibn Səəd | Bəni Xəzrəc | |||
| Səd ibn Ubadə | Bəni Xəzrəc |
|
| |
 | Salman Farsi | |||
| Səhl ibn Huneyf | Bəni Avs | |||
| Təlhə ibn Ubeydullah |
| |||
| Ubeyy ibn Kəb | Bəni Xəzrəc | |||
| Utbə bin Əbu Ləhəb | Bəni Haşim | |||
| Osman ibn Huneyf | ||||
| Zübeyr ibn Əvvam | Bəni Əsəd |
|
Qeyd
- Şiələrin nəzəri Əli Məhəmmədin qanuni, siyasi və dini varisi olduğudur; lakin onlar hesab edirlər ki, onun siyasi haqqı Əbu Bəkr və sonrakı siyasi hökmdarlar tərəfindən alınsa belə, o və onun davamçıları yenə də İslamın dini liderləri idilər.
İstinadlar
- Bainbridge, Beryl. Women and the Family in the Middle East. University of Texas Press. 1985. səh. 256. ISBN .
Ali was expected to succeed Muhammad in the leadership of the Muslim community (ummah) following the Prophet's death in 632
- Abbas, (2021. səh. 93): "According to Tabari, a group of Ansar meanwhile proposed Ali as the one most deserving to lead the community...The call was ignored....They would have reminded everyone about what the Prophet had said about Ali's status at Ghadir Khumm not too long ago."
- Abbas, (2021. səh. 95): "He emphasised his merits and kinship to the Prophet as proof supporting his claim to be the rightful successor to the Prophet."
- Fitzpatrick, Walker, (2014. səh. 3)
- Madelung, (1997. səh. 31). Abbas, (2021. səh. 92)
- Abbas, (2021. səh. 92). Hazleton, (2009. səh. 60)
- Hazleton, (2009. səh. 65). Madelung, (1997. səh. 31, 32)
- Madelung, (1997. səh. 32). Fitzpatrick, Walker, (2014. səh. 3, 4). Abbas, (2021. səh. 93). Hazleton, (2009. səh. 65). Momen, (1985. səh. 18)
- Khetia, (2013. səh. 31, 32) Madelung, (1997. səh. 32)
- Fitzpatrick, Walker, (2014. səh. 186)
- Meri, 2005. səh. 523: "A stronger argument in favor of al-Baqir’s school was its conviction that the Prophet had expressly designated and appointed ’Ali as his successor by nass al-jali (explicit designation); this meant that the Imam’s authority did not depend on either human electors or the allegiance (bay’a) of the people."
- Jafri, S. H. M. The Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam (1st). Oxford University Press. 2002.
They gradually, one after the other, were reconciled to the situation and swore allegiance to Abu Bakr.
- quoting from page 16 [1] 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
- Shaikh, Asif. Sahaba: The Companion. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Pg. 42-45
- Abbas, (2021. səh. 96): "Many leading companions of the Prophet, meanwhile, had approached Abu Bakr to remind him about Ali's right to the office of the caliphate. These included Salman al-Farsi, Ammar ibn Yasir, Abu Dharr, Miqdad, Utbah ibn Abi-Lahab, Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Al-Numan ibn Ajlan, Uthman ibn Hunayf, Abu Ayub Ansar and Khuzamah ibn Thabit, among others."
- Jafri, Syed Husain Mohammad. Chapter 2: Saqifa, The First Manifestations // The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Oxford University Press. 2002.
- on al-Islam.org [2] 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
- Brelvi, Mahmud. Chapter 19: Early Stage of the Spread of Islam // Seerat Al-Nabi. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sind. 1982. səh. 23.
Abu - dhar was the 6th or 7th convert to Islam
- "Sahih al-Bukhari 4240, 4241 - Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi) - كتاب المغازى - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. 2022-03-07 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2022-03-07.
- "Sahih Muslim 1759b - The Book of Jihad and Expeditions - كتاب الجهاد والسير - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. 2022-09-19 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2022-03-07.
- Banerjee, Prathama. Elementary Aspects of the Political: Histories from the Global South. Duke University Press. 2021. ISBN .
Bilal, appointed by the Prophet Muhammad as the first muezzin, who refused allegiance to Abu Bakr after Muhammad's death
- Meri, 2005. səh. 109: "Bilal was born to a black slave-girl named Hamama in the Arab clan of Banu Jumah: in Hijaz."
- Meri, 2005. səh. 109: "He was one of the earliest converts (al-sabiqun) to Islam"
- Meri, 2005. səh. 109: "In his first year in Medina, the Prophet Muhammad initiated the practice of vocally calling his followers to prayer (adhan), and from the beginning he charged Bilal with performing the task as muezzin (mu’adhdhin). The most momentous occasion when he delivered the adhan was when Muhammad and his followers victoriously entered Mecca (8/629) and cleansed the House of Ka‘ba and its environs of all idols."
- Meri, 2005. səh. 109: "he was trusted as the Prophet’s treasurer"
- Meri, 2005. səh. 109, Bilal al-Habashi: "After the Prophet’s death, Bila¯l was reluctant to deliver the call to prayer, as he may have felt dissatisfied with succession arrangements. Reportedly, he declined to pledge allegiance (bay‘a) to Abu¯ Bakr (r. 11–13/632–634) as caliph, and he eventually emigrated and settled in Sham. On at least one moving occasion, Bilal is known to have delivered the adhan after the Prophet, and that was upon the request of Muhammad’s beloved daughter Fatima (d. 11/632) and her two sons, al-Hasan (d. 50/669) and al-Husayn (d. 61/680)."
- The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ Al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 3), An English Translation. 2018. səh. 744.
al-Fadl b. al-Abbas, who was the spokesman of Quraysh, stood up to say, "People of Quraysh, it is not right that the succession (khilafa) should become yours through deceit; we are entitled to it before you, and our companion is more entitled to it than you are."
- Sitat səhvi: Yanlış
<ref>teqi;bukhari546adlı istinad üçün mətn göstərilməyib - Sitat səhvi: Yanlış
<ref>teqi;muslim4352adlı istinad üçün mətn göstərilməyib - Jafri, S. H. M. The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam (1st). Oxford University Press. 2002.
- Madelung, 1997. səh. 22: "The presentation of Ibn al-'Abbas, however, leaves no doubt that he considered 'Ali as entitled to the succession"
- Madelung, 1997. səh. 41: "The refusal of the Umayyad Khalid b. al-As, one of the earliest converts to Islam and a prominent Companion, to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr when he returned from the Yemen to Medina a month after the latter's succession and his insistence on the rights of the Banu 'Abd Manaf (including both Hashim and 'Abd Shams) are significant."
- Mackintosh-Smith, Tim. Arabs: A 3,000-year History of Peoples, Tribes and Empires. Yale University Press. 2019. səh. 181.
Malik ibn Nuwayrah...a leader of the tribe of Yarbu'
- Mikaberidze, Alexander. Ridda Wars // Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia - Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. 2011. səh. 751. ISBN .
Malik ibn Nuwayrah...was a Muslim and appointed by the Prophet himself to collect taxes in northeastern Arabia.
- Razek, Ali Abdel. Chapter 8: The Arab State // Islam and the Foundations of Political Power. Edinburgh University Press. 2012. səh. 110. ISBN .
It is also clear from the fact that Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah refused to give allegiance to Abu Bakr, saying..."I will not renounce by the truth of God. Even if the demons and all the men allied themselves to support you, I will not join them, and will wait until I know the judgement of the Almighty"...He stayed in this state of mind until Abu Bakr died.
- al-Qarashi, Baqir Sharif. THIS IS SHI'ISM (AN OBJECTIVE STUDY). 2018.
- Abbas, (2021. səh. 95): "Besides his family and members of Banu Hashim, a handful of Ali's friends had started to gather around him, including some of the Prophet's companions, such as Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Talha ibn Ubaydullah."
- Al-Tabari. The Events of the Year 11 // Poonawala, Ismail K. (redaktor). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Vol. 9: The Last Years of the Prophet: The Formation of the State A.D. 630-632/A.H. 8-11. The State University of New York Press. 186–187. ISBN .
Umar b. al-Khattab came to the house of Ali. Talhah, al-Zubayr, and some of the Muhajirun were [also] in the house [with Ali]. Umar cried out, "By God, either you come out to render the oath of allegiance [to Abu Bakr], or I will set the house on fire." Al-Zubayr came out with his sword drawn. As he stumbled [upon something], the sword fell from his hand, so they jumped over him and seized him.
- A list composed of sources such as and , each in his Ta'rikh, in his , in his
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Ebu Bekre beyet etmeyen sexslerin siyahisi Mehemmedin olumunden sonra Mehemmedle yaxinligi ve Mehemmedin ozunun ifadeleri sebebinden Elinin Mehemmedin yerine kececeyi genis sekilde gozlenilirdi Lakin Eli Mehemmedin defn merasimini yerine yetirerken bir qrup sehabe ortaya cixaraq Ebu Bekri xelife elan etdi Buna baxmayaraq bir nece gorkemli sehabe de Eliye sadiq qaldi ZeminHicri 11 ci ilde miladi 632 ci ilde Mehemmedin vefatindan derhal sonra ensarlardan bir necesi medineliler Seide qebilesinin Seqifesinde heyetinde toplandilar Madelunqa gore ensarlar cox guman ki Mehemmede sedaqetlerinin onun olumu ile bitdiyine inanirdilar ve Mehemmedin icmasinin dagilacagini gozleyirdiler Bu sebebden onlarin gorusunde meqsed muhacirlerin ekseriyyetinin Mekkeden kocenler onsuz da Mekkeye qayidacagina inamla oz seherleri Medine uzerinde nezareti berpa etmek ola bilerdi Buna baxmayaraq Mehemmedin her iki esas yoldasi Ebu Bekr ve Omer meclisi oyrendikden sonra Seqifeye dogru telesdiler Ensardan bir bascinin Omer terefinden doyulerek tabe olundugu qizgin gorusden sonra Seqifede toplasan muselmanlarin kicik qrupu Ebu Bekrin muselman icmasinin yeni bascisi olmasi barede raziliga geldiler Seqife hadisesi Mehemmedin onu defn etmeye hazirlasan ailesini ve muhacirlerin coxunu kenarda qoydu Mehemmedin qebilesinin bir cox uzvu Beni Hasim elece de bir sira Mehemmedin sehabeleri Ebu Bekrin namizedliyine qarsi cixdi onlar Elinin Mehemmedin qanuni xelifesi oldugunu ve onun Qedir Xum hadisesinde teyin olundugunu mudafie etdiler Mehemmedin varisliyi ile bagli mesele nehayet Islamin iki esas mezhebinin yaranmasina getirib cixaracaqdi sunniler Ebu Bekri Mehemmedin varisi sieler ise Elinin Mehemmedin qanuni varisi olduguna inanirlar SiyahiMuxtelif menbelere gore Seqife hadisesinden derhal sonra Ebu Bekre beyet etmeyen xeyli sayda insan var idi Onlardan bezileri bir qeder gecikdikden sonra muxtelif sebeblerden sonra ona beyet etdi Asagidakilar bunlar idi Xettatliq Ad Sulale Mehemmedin sagliginda tutdugu movqe QeydlerAbbas ibn Ebdulmuttelib Beni Hasim Mehemmedin emisi 9 cu esrde yasamis sunni islam alimi Ibn Quteybe deyir ki Abbas ibn Ebdulmuttelib Ebu Bekre demisdi Eger siz Allah Resulundan teleb etdiyinizi qohumluq yolu ile isteseydiniz bizimkileri de musadire etmisdiniz Muselmanlar arasinda movqeyine gore bunu teleb etmisense bizimki seninkinden daha nufuzludur Eger bu is mominlerin razi qaldigi vaxt heyata kecerse biz ondan narazi oldugumuz muddetce bele ola bilmez 9 cu esrde yasamis sunni islam alimi Yequbi neql edir Bir qrup muhacir ve ensar Ebu Bekre beyetden uzaq durdular ve Hezret Elinin e terefdarlari idiler Onlarin arasinda Abbas bin Ebdulmuttelib Fedl ibn Abbasi de var idi 9 cu esrde yasamis sunni Islam alimi Mehemmed el Buxari de Yaqubi ile eyni seyi neql edir Ebu Eyyub el Ensari Beni Neccar ata terefi Beni Xezrec ana terefi Mehemmedin evi tikilene qeder Medineye kocdukden sonra Mehemmedin ev sahibiEbu Berze el EslemiEbuzer el Geffari Beni Geffar Islami ilk qebul edenlerden biriBera ibn Azib ibn Haris el Ensari Beni XezrecEli ibn Ebi Talib Beni Hasim Etrafli melumat Eli 1 ci imam 2 ci mesum Mehemmedin emisi oglu 4 cu Rasidi xelife Mehemmed el Buxari oz mecmuesinde Aiseden revayet eden hedisler toplamisdir ki Eli Fatimenin vefatindan sonra Ebu Bekre beyet etmisdir Hedisin oxsar lakin daha qisa variantini da Muslim ibn el Hellac oz kolleksiyasinda toplamisdir Emmar ibn Yasir Beni Mexzum mensubiyyet Islami ilk qebul edenlerden biriBilal ibn Rubah el Hebesi Beni Cume Islami ilk qebul edenlerden biri Mehemmed terefinden muezzin azan oxuyan sexs teyin edilmisdir Mehemmedin xezinedari Mehemmedin sagliginda Bilal muezzin Islamda ibadete cagiris olan azan oxuyan teyin edilmisdi Bununla bele Mehemmedin vefatindan sonra Bilalin Ebu Bekre beyet etmekden imtina etdiyi ve bir daha azan oxumadigi bildirilir Mehemmedin vefatindan sonra Mehemmedin qizi Fatimenin xahisi ile yalniz bir defe azan oxudugu bildirilir Fezl ibn Abbas Beni Hasim Mehemmedin emisi ogluFerva ibn Amr ibn Vedqe el EnsariFatime Beni Hasim Mehemmedin qizi Cennet qadinlarinin rehberi ve ya her iki alem qadinlarinin rehberi hesab olunur Doqquzuncu esrde yasamis sunni alimi Mehemmed el Buxari Sehih el Buxari hedisler toplusunda yazir Belelikle o Ebu Bekre qezeblendi ondan uzaqlasdi ve olene qeder onunla danismadi O Peygemberin vefatindan alti ay sonra sag qaldi O vefat edende eri Eli onu gece vaxti Ebu Bekre xeber vermeden defn etdi ve cenaze namazini tek qildi IX esrde yasamis sunni alimi Muslum ibn Heccac Sehih el Muslim adli hedis toplusunda yazir Ebu Bekre qezeblenen Fatime Onu terk etdi ve omrunun sonuna qeder onunla danismadi Resulullahin sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem vefatindan sonra alti ay yasadi O vefat edende eri Eli ibn Ebu Talib onu gece defn etdi Onun olumunu Ebu Bekre xeber vermedi ve onun cenaze namazini qildi Huzeyfe ibn el Yeman Beni AvsAbdullah ibn Abbas Beni Hasim Mehemmedin emisi ogluXalid ibn Seid Beni UmeyyeXuzeyme ibn Sabit Beni AvsMalik ibn Nuveyra Beni Yarbu Mehemmed terefinden simal serq Erebistanda vergi toplamaq ucun teyin edilmisdirMiqdad ibn EmrQeys ibn Seed Beni XezrecSed ibn Ubade Beni Xezrec Benu Xezrec tayfasinin rehberi Sed ibn Ubade Ebu Bekre beyet etmekden imtina eden cixisinin bir hissesi olaraq dedi Men Allahin haqqi ile el cekmeyeceyem Cinler ve butun kisiler sene destek olmaq ucun birlesseler bele onlara qosulmaram ve Uca Allahin hokmunu bilene qeder gozleyeceyem Onun Ebu Bekrin butun hakimiyyeti boyu ona beyet etmediyi bildirilir Salman FarsiSehl ibn Huneyf Beni AvsTelhe ibn Ubeydullah IX esr sunni tarixcisi El Teberi Seqife hadisesinden sonra Telhenin Elinin evine toplasanlar arasinda oldugunu bildirir Ubeyy ibn Keb Beni XezrecUtbe bin Ebu Leheb Beni HasimOsman ibn HuneyfZubeyr ibn Evvam Beni Esed 9 cu esrde yasamis sunni Safii Islam alimi El Buxari Omerin bele dediyini neql edir Eli Zubeyr ve onlarla birlikde olanlar bize qarsi cixdilar muhacirler ise Ebu Bekrle birlikde toplasdilar Sunni tarixcisi Teberi yazir ki Omer ibn Xettab Elinin evine geldi Telhe el Zubeyr ve muhacirlerden bezileri de Eli ile evde idiler Omer qisqirdi Allaha and olsun ki ya Ebu Bekre beyet etmeye cixacaqsan ya da evi yandiracagam Ez Zubeyr qilincini cixarmis halda cixdi O bir seye budredikde qilinc elinden dusdu ve onlar onun ustunden tullandilar ve onu tutdular QeydSielerin nezeri Eli Mehemmedin qanuni siyasi ve dini varisi oldugudur lakin onlar hesab edirler ki onun siyasi haqqi Ebu Bekr ve sonraki siyasi hokmdarlar terefinden alinsa bele o ve onun davamcilari yene de Islamin dini liderleri idiler IstinadlarBainbridge Beryl Women and the Family in the Middle East University of Texas Press 1985 seh 256 ISBN 9780292755291 Ali was expected to succeed Muhammad in the leadership of the Muslim community ummah following the Prophet s death in 632 Abbas 2021 seh 93 According to Tabari a group of Ansar meanwhile proposed Ali as the one most deserving to lead the community The call was ignored They would have reminded everyone about what the Prophet had said about Ali s status at Ghadir Khumm not too long ago Abbas 2021 seh 95 He emphasised his merits and kinship to the Prophet as proof supporting his claim to be the rightful successor to the Prophet Fitzpatrick Walker 2014 seh 3 Madelung 1997 seh 31 Abbas 2021 seh 92 Abbas 2021 seh 92 Hazleton 2009 seh 60 Hazleton 2009 seh 65 Madelung 1997 seh 31 32 Madelung 1997 seh 32 Fitzpatrick Walker 2014 seh 3 4 Abbas 2021 seh 93 Hazleton 2009 seh 65 Momen 1985 seh 18 Khetia 2013 seh 31 32 Madelung 1997 seh 32 Fitzpatrick Walker 2014 seh 186 Meri 2005 seh 523 A stronger argument in favor of al Baqir s school was its conviction that the Prophet had expressly designated and appointed Ali as his successor by nass al jali explicit designation this meant that the Imam s authority did not depend on either human electors or the allegiance bay a of the people Jafri S H M The Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam 1st Oxford University Press 2002 They gradually one after the other were reconciled to the situation and swore allegiance to Abu Bakr quoting from page 16 1 2011 06 10 at the Wayback Machine Shaikh Asif Sahaba The Companion N p n p n d Print Pg 42 45 Abbas 2021 seh 96 Many leading companions of the Prophet meanwhile had approached Abu Bakr to remind him about Ali s right to the office of the caliphate These included Salman al Farsi Ammar ibn Yasir Abu Dharr Miqdad Utbah ibn Abi Lahab Ubayy ibn Ka b Al Numan ibn Ajlan Uthman ibn Hunayf Abu Ayub Ansar and Khuzamah ibn Thabit among others Jafri Syed Husain Mohammad Chapter 2 Saqifa The First Manifestations The Origins and Early Development of Shi a Islam Oxford University Press 2002 on al Islam org 2 2011 06 10 at the Wayback Machine Brelvi Mahmud Chapter 19 Early Stage of the Spread of Islam Seerat Al Nabi Institute of Sindhology University of Sind 1982 seh 23 Abu dhar was the 6th or 7th convert to Islam Sahih al Bukhari 4240 4241 Military Expeditions led by the Prophet pbuh Al Maghaazi كتاب المغازى Sunnah com Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم sunnah com 2022 03 07 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2022 03 07 Sahih Muslim 1759b The Book of Jihad and Expeditions كتاب الجهاد والسير Sunnah com Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم sunnah com 2022 09 19 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2022 03 07 Banerjee Prathama Elementary Aspects of the Political Histories from the Global South Duke University Press 2021 ISBN 9781478012443 Bilal appointed by the Prophet Muhammad as the first muezzin who refused allegiance to Abu Bakr after Muhammad s death Meri 2005 seh 109 Bilal was born to a black slave girl named Hamama in the Arab clan of Banu Jumah in Hijaz Meri 2005 seh 109 He was one of the earliest converts al sabiqun to Islam Meri 2005 seh 109 In his first year in Medina the Prophet Muhammad initiated the practice of vocally calling his followers to prayer adhan and from the beginning he charged Bilal with performing the task as muezzin mu adhdhin The most momentous occasion when he delivered the adhan was when Muhammad and his followers victoriously entered Mecca 8 629 and cleansed the House of Ka ba and its environs of all idols Meri 2005 seh 109 he was trusted as the Prophet s treasurer Meri 2005 seh 109 Bilal al Habashi After the Prophet s death Bila l was reluctant to deliver the call to prayer as he may have felt dissatisfied with succession arrangements Reportedly he declined to pledge allegiance bay a to Abu Bakr r 11 13 632 634 as caliph and he eventually emigrated and settled in Sham On at least one moving occasion Bilal is known to have delivered the adhan after the Prophet and that was upon the request of Muhammad s beloved daughter Fatima d 11 632 and her two sons al Hasan d 50 669 and al Husayn d 61 680 The Works of Ibn Waḍiḥ Al Yaʿqubi Volume 3 An English Translation 2018 seh 744 al Fadl b al Abbas who was the spokesman of Quraysh stood up to say People of Quraysh it is not right that the succession khilafa should become yours through deceit we are entitled to it before you and our companion is more entitled to it than you are Sitat sehvi Yanlis lt ref gt teqi bukhari546 adli istinad ucun metn gosterilmeyib Sitat sehvi Yanlis lt ref gt teqi muslim4352 adli istinad ucun metn gosterilmeyib Jafri S H M The Origins and Early Development of Shi a Islam 1st Oxford University Press 2002 Madelung 1997 seh 22 The presentation of Ibn al Abbas however leaves no doubt that he considered Ali as entitled to the succession Madelung 1997 seh 41 The refusal of the Umayyad Khalid b al As one of the earliest converts to Islam and a prominent Companion to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr when he returned from the Yemen to Medina a month after the latter s succession and his insistence on the rights of the Banu Abd Manaf including both Hashim and Abd Shams are significant Mackintosh Smith Tim Arabs A 3 000 year History of Peoples Tribes and Empires Yale University Press 2019 seh 181 Malik ibn Nuwayrah a leader of the tribe of Yarbu Mikaberidze Alexander Ridda Wars Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World A Historical Encyclopedia Volume 1 ABC CLIO 2011 seh 751 ISBN 9781598843361 Malik ibn Nuwayrah was a Muslim and appointed by the Prophet himself to collect taxes in northeastern Arabia Razek Ali Abdel Chapter 8 The Arab State Islam and the Foundations of Political Power Edinburgh University Press 2012 seh 110 ISBN 9780748656318 It is also clear from the fact that Sa d ibn Ubadah refused to give allegiance to Abu Bakr saying I will not renounce by the truth of God Even if the demons and all the men allied themselves to support you I will not join them and will wait until I know the judgement of the Almighty He stayed in this state of mind until Abu Bakr died al Qarashi Baqir Sharif THIS IS SHI ISM AN OBJECTIVE STUDY 2018 Abbas 2021 seh 95 Besides his family and members of Banu Hashim a handful of Ali s friends had started to gather around him including some of the Prophet s companions such as Zubayr ibn al Awwam and Talha ibn Ubaydullah Al Tabari The Events of the Year 11 Poonawala Ismail K redaktor The History of al Ṭabari Vol 9 The Last Years of the Prophet The Formation of the State A D 630 632 A H 8 11 The State University of New York Press 186 187 ISBN 9780887066924 Umar b al Khattab came to the house of Ali Talhah al Zubayr and some of the Muhajirun were also in the house with Ali Umar cried out By God either you come out to render the oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr or I will set the house on fire Al Zubayr came out with his sword drawn As he stumbled upon something the sword fell from his hand so they jumped over him and seized him A list composed of sources such as and each in his Ta rikh in his in his