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Sulfatlar — Minerallardır, Sulfat turşusunun duzlarıdır.Hal-hazırda dünyada 180 sulfatın mineralı vardır.
Xassələri
| Xassə | Nəticə |
|---|---|
| Möhkəmlik | 2–3,5 |
| İtirilmiş çəki | 1,5–6,4 |
| Rəng | Müxtəlifdir.Sulfatların əksər nümayəndələri qırmızı rəngdədir |
| İşığın tam daxili qayıtması | 1,44–1,88 |
| Həllolma | Sulfatların əksər nümayəndələri suda yaxşı həll olurlar |
İstinadlar
- 1.^ The Atom and the Molecule by Gilbert N. Lewis Journal of the American Chemical Society Volume 38, 1916, pages 762–785. See page 778: Lewis assigned to sulfur a negative charge of two, starting from six own valence electrons and ending up with eight electrons shared with the oxygen atoms. In fact, sulfur donates two electrons to the oxygen atoms.
- 2.^ The modern theory of valency Linus Pauling J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 1461–1467, doi:10.1039/JR9480001461
- 3.^ C.A. Coulson, Nature, 221, 1106 (1969)
- 4.^ K.A.R. Mitchell, Chem. Rev., 69, 157 (1969)
- 5.^ a b Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey (1966). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (2d Edn.). New York:Wiley.
- 6.^ a b Thorsten Stefan and Rudolf Janoschek: How relevant are S=O and P=O Double Bonds for the Description of the Acid Molecules H2SO3, H2SO4, and H3PO4, respectively?. Journal of Molecular Modeling, Volume 6, Number 2 / February 2000, p. 282–288. doi:10.1007/PL00010730
- 7.^ a b c Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. .
- 8.^ Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry F.Sherwood Taylor 6th Edition (1942) William Heinemann
- 9.^ Figure 3: The global mean radiative forcing of the climate system for the year 2000, relative to 1750. Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. IPCC.
- 10.^ Pincus & Baker 1994
- 11.^ Albrecht 1989
- 12.^ Chemical Amplification (or dampening) of the Twomey Effect: Conditions derived from droplet activation theory. T.A. Rissman, A. Nenes, J.H. Seinfeld
Xarici keçidlər
- Orqanik sulfatlar
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Sulfatlar Minerallardir Sulfat tursusunun duzlaridir Hal hazirda dunyada 180 sulfatin minerali vardir SO42 anionunun modeliXasseleriXasse NeticeMohkemlik 2 3 5Itirilmis ceki 1 5 6 4Reng Muxtelifdir Sulfatlarin ekser numayendeleri qirmizi rengdedirIsigin tam daxili qayitmasi 1 44 1 88Hellolma Sulfatlarin ekser numayendeleri suda yaxsi hell olurlarIstinadlar1 The Atom and the Molecule by Gilbert N Lewis Journal of the American Chemical Society Volume 38 1916 pages 762 785 See page 778 Lewis assigned to sulfur a negative charge of two starting from six own valence electrons and ending up with eight electrons shared with the oxygen atoms In fact sulfur donates two electrons to the oxygen atoms 2 The modern theory of valency Linus Pauling J Chem Soc 1948 1461 1467 doi 10 1039 JR9480001461 3 C A Coulson Nature 221 1106 1969 4 K A R Mitchell Chem Rev 69 157 1969 5 a b Cotton F Albert Wilkinson Geoffrey 1966 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 2d Edn New York Wiley 6 a b Thorsten Stefan and Rudolf Janoschek How relevant are S O and P O Double Bonds for the Description of the Acid Molecules H2SO3 H2SO4 and H3PO4 respectively Journal of Molecular Modeling Volume 6 Number 2 February 2000 p 282 288 doi 10 1007 PL00010730 7 a b c Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Oxford Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 0080379419 8 Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry F Sherwood Taylor 6th Edition 1942 William Heinemann 9 Figure 3 The global mean radiative forcing of the climate system for the year 2000 relative to 1750 Climate Change 2001 Working Group I The Scientific Basis IPCC 10 Pincus amp Baker 1994 11 Albrecht 1989 12 Chemical Amplification or dampening of the Twomey Effect Conditions derived from droplet activation theory T A Rissman A Nenes J H SeinfeldXarici kecidlerVikianbarda Sulfatos ile elaqeli mediafayllar var Orqanik sulfatlar