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Sosial sinif — cəmiyyətlər və ya mədəniyyətlər daxilində mövcud olan fərdlər və ya qrupların arasındakı iyerarxik fərqlərə (və ya təbəqələşməyə) əsaslanır. Burada əsasən, fərdlər sinif daxilindəki iqtisadi mövqelərinə, təbəqələşmə sistemi daxilində isə bir-biri ilə oxşar olan siyasi və iqtisadi maraqlarına görə qruplaşdırılırlar.
Əksər cəmiyyətlərdə, xüsusən də milli dövlətlərin mövcud olduğu cəmiyyətlərdə sosial sinfi xüsusiyyətlərin nümayiş etdirildiyi görülür. Lakin siniflər universal bir hadisə deyildirlər. Bir çox ibtidai icma quruluşu formasında yaşayan ovçu-yığıcı cəmiyyətlərdə sosial təbəqələşmə mövcud deyildir. Bu cür cəmiyyətlərdə çox zaman daimi liderlər də mövcud olmur və cəmiyyət üzvləri özləri də iyerarxik güc strukturlarına bölünməkdən çəkinirlər.
Əlavə ədəbiyyat siyahısı
- Archer, Louise et al. Higher Education and Social Class: Issues of Exclusion and Inclusion (RoutledgeFalmer, 2003) (ISBN )
- , How Class Works: Power and Social Movement 2023-04-08 at the Wayback Machine, Yale University Press, 2003. ISBN
- Barbrook, Richard. The Class of the New (paperback). London: OpenMute. 2006. ISBN . 1 August 2018 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 15 March 2022.
- Beckert, Sven, and Julia B. Rosenbaum, eds. The American Bourgeoisie: Distinction and Identity in the Nineteenth Century (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 284 pages; Scholarly studies on the habits, manners, networks, institutions, and public roles of the American middle class with a focus on cities in the North.
- Benschop, Albert. Classes – Transformational Class Analysis 18 avqust 2018 at the Wayback Machine (Amsterdam: Spinhuis; 1993/2012).
- Bertaux, Daniel & Thomson, Paul; Pathways to Social Class: A Qualitative Approach to Social Mobility (Clarendon Press, 1997)
- Bisson, Thomas N.; Cultures of Power: Lordship, Status, and Process in Twelfth-Century Europe (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995)
- Blackledge, Paul. "Why workers can change the world". Socialist Review. 364. London. 2011. 10 December 2011 tarixində .
- Blau, Peter & Duncan Otis D.; The American Occupational Structure (1967) classic study of structure and mobility
- Brady, David "Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty" Vol. 81 No. 3, (March 2003), pp. 715–751 (abstract online 4 mart 2016 at the Wayback Machine in Project Muse).
- Broom, Leonard & Jones, F. Lancaster; Opportunity and Attainment in Australia (1977)
- Cohen, Lizabeth; Consumer's Republic, (Knopf, 2003) (ISBN ). (Historical analysis of the working out of class in the United States).
- Connell, R.W and Irving, T.H., 1992. Class Structure in Australian History: Poverty and Progress. Longman Cheshire.
- de Ste. Croix, Geoffrey. "Class in Marx's conception of history, ancient and modern". New Left Review. I (146). July–August 1984: 94–111. 4 March 2016 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 7 January 2016. (Good study of Marx's concept.)
- Dargin, Justin , (2007) (good study of contemporary class formation in Russia, post communism)
- Day, Gary; Class, (Routledge, 2001) (ISBN )
- , Who Rules America? Power, Politics, and Social Change, Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall, 1967. (Domhoff's companion site to the book 26 yanvar 2009 at the Wayback Machine at the )
- Eichar, Douglas M.; Occupation and Class Consciousness in America (Greenwood Press, 1989)
- Fantasia, Rick; Levine, Rhonda F.; McNall, Scott G., eds.; Bringing Class Back in Contemporary and Historical Perspectives (Westview Press, 1991)
- Featherman, David L. & Hauser Robert M.; Opportunity and Change (1978).
- , Class Divisions Today: The Inclusive Democracy approach 1 sentyabr 2007 at the Wayback Machine, , Vol. 6, No. 2, (July 2000)
- ; Class (a painfully accurate guide through the American status system), (1983) (ISBN )
- ; The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies, (London: Hutchinson, 1981).
- & Mackenzie, Gavin (Eds.), Social Class and the Division of Labour. Essays in Honour of Ilya Neustadt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
- Goldthorpe, John H. & Erikson Robert; The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Society (1992)
- Grusky, David B. ed.; Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective (2001) scholarly articles
- Hazelrigg, Lawrence E. & Lopreato, Joseph; Class, Conflict, and Mobility: Theories and Studies of Class Structure (1972).
- Hymowitz, Kay; Marriage and Caste in America: Separate and Unequal Families in a Post-Marital Age (2006) ISBN
- Kaeble, Helmut; Social Mobility in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective (1985)
- Jakopovich, Daniel, The Concept of Class 24 sentyabr 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge Studies in Social Research, No. 14, Social Science Research Group, University of Cambridge, 2014
- Jens Hoff, "The Concept of Class and Public Employees". Acta Sociologica, vol. 28, no. 3, July 1985, pp. 207–226.
- Mahalingam, Ramaswami; "Essentialism, Culture, and Power: Representations of Social Class" Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 59, (2003), pp. 733+ on India
- Mahony, Pat & Zmroczek, Christine; Class Matters: 'Working-Class' Women's Perspectives on Social Class (Taylor & Francis, 1997)
- Manza, Jeff & Brooks, Clem; Social Cleavages and Political Change: Voter Alignments and U.S. Party Coalitions (Oxford University Press, 1999).
- Manza, Jeff; "Political Sociological Models of the U.S. New Deal" Annual Review of Sociology, (2000) pp. 297+
- Manza, Jeff; Hout, Michael; Clem, Brooks. "Class Voting in Capitalist Democracies since World War II: Dealignment, Realignment, or Trendless Fluctuation?". Annual Review of Sociology. 21. 1995: 137–162. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.21.1.137.
- Marmot, Michael; The Status Syndrome: How Social Standing Affects Our Health and Longevity (2004)
- Marx, Karl & Engels, Frederick; The Communist Manifesto, (1848). (The key statement of class conflict as the driver of historical change).
- Merriman, John M.; Consciousness and Class Experience in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1979)
- Ostrander, Susan A.; Women of the Upper Class (Temple University Press, 1984).
- Owensby, Brian P.; Intimate Ironies: Modernity and the Making of Middle-Class Lives in Brazil (Stanford University, 1999).
- Pakulski, Jan & Waters, Malcolm; The Death of Class (Sage, 1996). (rejection of the relevance of class for modern societies)
- Payne, Geoff; The Social Mobility of Women: Beyond Male Mobility Models (1990)
- Savage, Mike; Class Analysis and Social Transformation (London: Open University Press, 2000).
- Stahl, Garth; "Identity, Neoliberalism and Aspiration: Educating White Working-Class Boys" (London, Routledge, 2015).
- Sennett, Richard & Cobb, Jonathan; The Hidden Injuries of Class, (Vintage, 1972) (classic study of the subjective experience of class).
- , Suny, Ronald; eds.; Making Workers Soviet: Power, Class, and Identity. (Cornell University Press, 1994). Russia 1870–1940
- Wlkowitz, Daniel J.; Working with Class: Social Workers and the Politics of Middle-Class Identity (University of North Carolina Press, 1999).
- Weber, Max. "Class, Status and Party", in e.g. Gerth, Hans and C. Wright Mills, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, (Oxford University Press, 1958). (Weber's key statement of the multiple nature of stratification).
- Weinburg, Mark; "The Social Analysis of Three Early 19th century French liberals: Say, Comte, and Dunoyer" 24 dekabr 2012 at the Wayback Machine, , Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 45–63, (1978).
- ; The Retreat from Class: A New 'True' Socialism, (Schocken Books, 1986) (ISBN ) and (Verso Classics, January 1999) reprint with new introduction (ISBN ).
- ; , , Vol. 49, No. 3, (1997).
- Wouters, Cas.; "The Integration of Social Classes". Journal of Social History. Volume 29, Issue 1, (1995). pp 107+. (on social manners)
- Wright, Erik Olin; The Debate on Classes (Verso, 1990). (neo-Marxist)
- Wright, Erik Olin; Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis (Cambridge University Press, 1997)
- Wright, Erik Olin ed. Approaches to Class Analysis (2005). (scholarly articles)
- Zmroczek, Christine & Mahony, Pat (Eds.), Women and Social Class: International Feminist Perspectives. (London: UCL Press 1999)
- The lower your social class, the 'wiser' you are, suggests new study 22 iyul 2022 at the Wayback Machine. . 20 December 2017.
İstinadlar
- Habermas, J. (2006). "the European Nation State - Its Achievments and Its Limits. On the Past and Future Sovereignty and Citizenship", in G. Balakrishan (ed.) Mapping the Nation. London: Vernon. 281 - 294
- Gowdy, John (2006) "Hunter-gatherers and the mythology of the market," in and Richard H. Daly (eds.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers, pp.391-394. New York: Cambridge University Press
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Sosial sinif cemiyyetler ve ya medeniyyetler daxilinde movcud olan ferdler ve ya qruplarin arasindaki iyerarxik ferqlere ve ya tebeqelesmeye esaslanir Burada esasen ferdler sinif daxilindeki iqtisadi movqelerine tebeqelesme sistemi daxilinde ise bir biri ile oxsar olan siyasi ve iqtisadi maraqlarina gore qruplasdirilirlar Ekser cemiyyetlerde xususen de milli dovletlerin movcud oldugu cemiyyetlerde sosial sinfi xususiyyetlerin numayis etdirildiyi gorulur Lakin sinifler universal bir hadise deyildirler Bir cox ibtidai icma qurulusu formasinda yasayan ovcu yigici cemiyyetlerde sosial tebeqelesme movcud deyildir Bu cur cemiyyetlerde cox zaman daimi liderler de movcud olmur ve cemiyyet uzvleri ozleri de iyerarxik guc strukturlarina bolunmekden cekinirler Elave edebiyyat siyahisiArcher Louise et al Higher Education and Social Class Issues of Exclusion and Inclusion RoutledgeFalmer 2003 ISBN 0 415 27644 6 How Class Works Power and Social Movement 2023 04 08 at the Wayback Machine Yale University Press 2003 ISBN 0 300 10504 5 Barbrook Richard The Class of the New paperback London OpenMute 2006 ISBN 978 0 9550664 7 4 1 August 2018 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 15 March 2022 Beckert Sven and Julia B Rosenbaum eds The American Bourgeoisie Distinction and Identity in the Nineteenth Century Palgrave Macmillan 2011 284 pages Scholarly studies on the habits manners networks institutions and public roles of the American middle class with a focus on cities in the North Benschop Albert Classes Transformational Class Analysis 18 avqust 2018 at the Wayback Machine Amsterdam Spinhuis 1993 2012 Bertaux Daniel amp Thomson Paul Pathways to Social Class A Qualitative Approach to Social Mobility Clarendon Press 1997 Bisson Thomas N Cultures of Power Lordship Status and Process in Twelfth Century Europe University of Pennsylvania Press 1995 Blackledge Paul Why workers can change the world Socialist Review 364 London 2011 10 December 2011 tarixinde Blau Peter amp Duncan Otis D The American Occupational Structure 1967 classic study of structure and mobility Brady David Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty Vol 81 No 3 March 2003 pp 715 751 abstract online 4 mart 2016 at the Wayback Machine in Project Muse Broom Leonard amp Jones F Lancaster Opportunity and Attainment in Australia 1977 Cohen Lizabeth Consumer s Republic Knopf 2003 ISBN 0 375 40750 2 Historical analysis of the working out of class in the United States Connell R W and Irving T H 1992 Class Structure in Australian History Poverty and Progress Longman Cheshire de Ste Croix Geoffrey Class in Marx s conception of history ancient and modern New Left Review I 146 July August 1984 94 111 4 March 2016 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 7 January 2016 Good study of Marx s concept Dargin Justin 2007 good study of contemporary class formation in Russia post communism Day Gary Class Routledge 2001 ISBN 0 415 18222 0 Who Rules America Power Politics and Social Change Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1967 Domhoff s companion site to the book 26 yanvar 2009 at the Wayback Machine at the Eichar Douglas M Occupation and Class Consciousness in America Greenwood Press 1989 Fantasia Rick Levine Rhonda F McNall Scott G eds Bringing Class Back in Contemporary and Historical Perspectives Westview Press 1991 Featherman David L amp Hauser Robert M Opportunity and Change 1978 Class Divisions Today The Inclusive Democracy approach 1 sentyabr 2007 at the Wayback Machine Vol 6 No 2 July 2000 Class a painfully accurate guide through the American status system 1983 ISBN 0 345 31816 1 The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies London Hutchinson 1981 amp Mackenzie Gavin Eds Social Class and the Division of Labour Essays in Honour of Ilya Neustadt Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1982 Goldthorpe John H amp Erikson Robert The Constant Flux A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Society 1992 Grusky David B ed Social Stratification Class Race and Gender in Sociological Perspective 2001 scholarly articles Hazelrigg Lawrence E amp Lopreato Joseph Class Conflict and Mobility Theories and Studies of Class Structure 1972 Hymowitz Kay Marriage and Caste in America Separate and Unequal Families in a Post Marital Age 2006 ISBN 1 56663 709 0 Kaeble Helmut Social Mobility in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Europe and America in Comparative Perspective 1985 Jakopovich Daniel The Concept of Class 24 sentyabr 2021 at the Wayback Machine Cambridge Studies in Social Research No 14 Social Science Research Group University of Cambridge 2014 Jens Hoff The Concept of Class and Public Employees Acta Sociologica vol 28 no 3 July 1985 pp 207 226 Mahalingam Ramaswami Essentialism Culture and Power Representations of Social Class Journal of Social Issues Vol 59 2003 pp 733 on India Mahony Pat amp Zmroczek Christine Class Matters Working Class Women s Perspectives on Social Class Taylor amp Francis 1997 Manza Jeff amp Brooks Clem Social Cleavages and Political Change Voter Alignments and U S Party Coalitions Oxford University Press 1999 Manza Jeff Political Sociological Models of the U S New Deal Annual Review of Sociology 2000 pp 297 Manza Jeff Hout Michael Clem Brooks Class Voting in Capitalist Democracies since World War II Dealignment Realignment or Trendless Fluctuation Annual Review of Sociology 21 1995 137 162 doi 10 1146 annurev soc 21 1 137 Marmot Michael The Status Syndrome How Social Standing Affects Our Health and Longevity 2004 Marx Karl amp Engels Frederick The Communist Manifesto 1848 The key statement of class conflict as the driver of historical change Merriman John M Consciousness and Class Experience in Nineteenth Century Europe Holmes amp Meier Publishers 1979 Ostrander Susan A Women of the Upper Class Temple University Press 1984 Owensby Brian P Intimate Ironies Modernity and the Making of Middle Class Lives in Brazil Stanford University 1999 Pakulski Jan amp Waters Malcolm The Death of Class Sage 1996 rejection of the relevance of class for modern societies Payne Geoff The Social Mobility of Women Beyond Male Mobility Models 1990 Savage Mike Class Analysis and Social Transformation London Open University Press 2000 Stahl Garth Identity Neoliberalism and Aspiration Educating White Working Class Boys London Routledge 2015 Sennett Richard amp Cobb Jonathan The Hidden Injuries of Class Vintage 1972 classic study of the subjective experience of class Suny Ronald eds Making Workers Soviet Power Class and Identity Cornell University Press 1994 Russia 1870 1940 Wlkowitz Daniel J Working with Class Social Workers and the Politics of Middle Class Identity University of North Carolina Press 1999 Weber Max Class Status and Party in e g Gerth Hans and C Wright Mills From Max Weber Essays in Sociology Oxford University Press 1958 Weber s key statement of the multiple nature of stratification Weinburg Mark The Social Analysis of Three Early 19th century French liberals Say Comte and Dunoyer 24 dekabr 2012 at the Wayback Machine Vol 2 No 1 pp 45 63 1978 The Retreat from Class A New True Socialism Schocken Books 1986 ISBN 0 8052 7280 1 and Verso Classics January 1999 reprint with new introduction ISBN 1 85984 270 4 Vol 49 No 3 1997 Wouters Cas The Integration of Social Classes Journal of Social History Volume 29 Issue 1 1995 pp 107 on social manners Wright Erik Olin The Debate on Classes Verso 1990 neo Marxist Wright Erik Olin Class Counts Comparative Studies in Class Analysis Cambridge University Press 1997 Wright Erik Olin ed Approaches to Class Analysis 2005 scholarly articles Zmroczek Christine amp Mahony Pat Eds Women and Social Class International Feminist Perspectives London UCL Press 1999 The lower your social class the wiser you are suggests new study 22 iyul 2022 at the Wayback Machine 20 December 2017 IstinadlarHabermas J 2006 the European Nation State Its Achievments and Its Limits On the Past and Future Sovereignty and Citizenship in G Balakrishan ed Mapping the Nation London Vernon 281 294 Gowdy John 2006 Hunter gatherers and the mythology of the market in and Richard H Daly eds The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers pp 391 394 New York Cambridge University Press