Madhyamaka və ya madhyamika (sanskr. मध्यमक, madhyamakaIAST; hərfi mənada – "orta yol", çin. 中觀宗), həmçinin şunyavada (hərfi mənada – " təlimi") və nihsvabhavavada (hərfi mənada – " təlim") — Naqarcuna tərəfindən qurulan mahayana buddist məktəbi.Sarvastivada məktəbinin realizmi ilə yoqaçara məktəbinin idealizmi arasında orta mövqe axtarır. II–IX əsrlərdə Hindistanda inkişaf etmiş, Çin, Tibet, Yaponiyada geniş yayılmışdır. Ardıcıl olaraq buddistlərin nirvanaya nail olmaq üçün orta yolu – "boşluq" konsepsiyasını davam etdirir.
İstinadlar
- Энциклопедический словарь. 2009. мадхьямика.
- Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Oct. 2011, Mādhyamika 2023-01-13 at the Wayback Machine
Əlavə ədəbiyyat
- Arena, Leonardo Vittorio, Nonsense as the Meaning, ebook, 2012
- Arnold, Dan (2010). Nāgārjuna's 'Middle Way': A Non-Eliminative Understanding of Selflessness. In:Revue Internationale de Philosophie vol. 64, no.253: 367–395
- Bhattacharya, Vidhushekhara, Gauḍapādakārikā, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1943
- Brunnholzl, Karl, Center of the Sunlit Sky: Madhyamaka in the Kagyu Tradition, Snow Lion Publications, 2004
- Brunnholzl, Karl. Luminous Heart: The Third Karmapa on Consciousness, Wisdom, and Buddha Nature. Shambhala Publications. 2009. ISBN .
- Cabezón, José Ignacio; Dargyay, Lobsang. Freedom from Extremes: Gorampa's "Distinguishing the Views" and the Polemics of Emptiness. Simon and Schuster. 2013. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Cheng, Hsueh-Li, "The Roots of Zen Buddhism", Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 8 (4), 1981: 451–478, doi:10.1111/j.1540-6253.1981.tb00267.x, 2019-06-02 tarixində , İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Comans, Michael, The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2000
- Cornu, Philippe, Nawoord // Schijn en werkelijkheid. De twee waarheden in de vier boeddhistische leerstelsels, KunchabPublicaties, 2001
- Cowherds. Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy. Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN .
- Daye, Douglas D., Major Schools of the Mahayana: Madhyamaka. In:Charles S. Prebisch, Buddhism, A Modern Perspective. Pages 76-96., 1971, ISBN
- Fuller, Paul, (PDF), Routledge, 2005, 2014-12-02 tarixində orijinalından (PDF) arxivləşdirilib
- Garfield, Jay L., "Dependent Arising and the Emptiness of Emptiness: Why Did Nāgārjuna Start with Causation?", Philosophy East & West, 44 (2), 1994: 219–250, doi:10.2307/1399593, JSTOR 1399593, 2023-01-10 tarixində , İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Garfield, Jay L., The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995
- Garfield, Jay L., Madhyamaka is Not Nihilism (PDF), Smith College, University of Melbourne, 2012, 2021-08-26 tarixində (PDF), İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Garfield, Jay L.; Westerhoff, Jan. Madhyamaka and Yogacara: Allies Or Rivals?. Oxford University Press. 2015. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Gomez, Luis O., , Philosophy East and West, 26 (2), 1976: 137–165, doi:10.2307/1398186, JSTOR 1398186, 2016-03-03 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib, İstifadə tarixi: 2015-12-06
- Harvey, Peter, An introduction to Buddhism. Teachings, history and practices, Cambridge University Press, 1995
- Hayes, Richard P., Nagarjuna's appeal. In: Journal of Indian Philosophy 22: 299-378, 1994
- Hayes, Richard P., Nagarjuna: Master of Paradox, Mystic or Perpetrator of Fallacies? (PDF), 2003, 2022-11-20 tarixində (PDF), İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Hookham, S.K., The Buddha within : Tathagatagarbha doctrine according to the Shentong interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991, ISBN
- Hopkins, Jeffrey; Napper, Elizabeth, Meditation on Emptiness, 1996
- Kalupahana, David J., The Principles of Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications, 1992
- Kalupahana, David J., A History of Buddhist philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 1994
- Loy, David, Second Buddha : Nagarjuna - Buddhism's Greatest Philosopher. In: Winter 2006 edition of Tricycle : The Buddhist Review, 2006, 2023-01-10 tarixində , İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Magee, William, The Nature of Things. Emptiness and Essence in the Geluk World, Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion, 1999
- Napper, Elizabeth, Dependent-Arising and Emptiness, 1989, ISBN
- Newland, Guy. Introduction to Emptiness: As Taught in Tsong-kha-pa's Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path. Snow Lion. 2009. ISBN .
- Ng, Yu-kwan, , Hamilton, Ontario: dissertation, McMaster University, 1990, səh. 1, February 3, 2014 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib
- Ozkan, Cuma. A comparative analysis: Buddhist Madhyamaka and Daoist Chongxuan (twofold mystery) in the early Tang (618-720) (MA). University of Iowa. 2013. doi:10.17077/etd.o9rxrm2t. 2021-08-26 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Renard, Philip, Non-Dualisme. De directe bevrijdingsweg, Cothen: Uitgeverij Juwelenschip, 2010
- Rizzi, Cesare, Candrakirti, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 1988
- Ruegg, D. Seyfort, The literature of the Madhyamaka school of philosophy in India (A History of Indian literature), Harrassowitz, 1981, ISBN
- Sarma, Chandradhar, The Advaita Tradition in Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1996
- Shantarakshita; Ju Mipham, The Adornment of the Middle Way, Padmakara Translation, 2005, ISBN
- Suzuki, Daisetz Teitarō, Studies in the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1999
- Thich Nhat Hanh, The Heart of Understanding: Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra, 1988
- Travagnin, Stefania. The Madhyamika Dimension of Yin Shun. A restatement of the school of Nagarjuna in 20th century Chinese Buddhism (PDF) (PhD). University of London. 2009. 2021-03-08 tarixində (PDF). İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason: The Great Commentary To Nagarjuna's Root Of The Middle Way. Shambhala Publications. 2011. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Tsongkhapa, Lobsang Dragpa; Sparham, Gareth, trans.; in collaboration with Shotaro Iida. Kapstein, Matthew (redaktor). Ocean of Eloquence: Tsong kha pa's Commentary on the Yogacara Doctrine of Mind (tibet və ingilis) (1་). Albany, NY: State University of New York. 1993. ISBN . 27 July 2023 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 18 December 2012.
- Tsong Khapa, The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment: Volume 3, Snow Lion Publications, 2002, ISBN
- rJe Tsong Kha Pa; Garfield (tr.), Jay L.; Samten (tr.), Ngawang, Ocean of Reasoning, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN
- Vetter, Tilmann, The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism (PDF), BRILL, 1988, ISBN , 2013-02-17 tarixində (PDF), İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Walser, Joseph. Nagarjuna in Context: Mahayana Buddhism and Early Indian Culture. Columbia University Press. 2005. ISBN .
- Warder, A. K., Indian Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2000
- Westerhoff, Jan. Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. Routledge. 2000. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. Routledge. 2002. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Williams, Paul. Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge. 2009. ISBN .
- Wynne, Alexander, The Origin of Buddhist Meditation, Routledge, 2007
- Della Santina, Peter, Madhyamaka Schools in India, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1986
- Harris, Ian Charles, The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogacara in Indian Mahayana Buddhism, New York: E. J.Brill, 1991
- His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso), The Middle Way: Faith Grounded in Reason, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2009
- Huntington, C. W., Jr. (1989). The Emptiness of Emptiness: An Introduction to Early Madhyamika. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
- Jones, Richard H., Nagarjuna: Buddhism's Most Important Philosopher, New York: Jackson Square Books, 2014
- Jones, Richard H., Indian Madhyamaka Buddhist Philosophy After Nagarjuna, 2 vols., New York: Jackson Square Books, 2012
- Narain, Harsh. The Mādhyamika mind. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1997.
Xarici keçidlər
![image](https://www.wikimedia.az-az.nina.az/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2lraW1lZGlhLmF6LWF6Lm5pbmEuYXovaW1hZ2UvYUhSMGNITTZMeTkxY0d4dllXUXVkMmxyYVcxbFpHbGhMbTl5Wnk5M2FXdHBjR1ZrYVdFdlkyOXRiVzl1Y3k5MGFIVnRZaTgwTHpSaEwwTnZiVzF2Ym5NdGJHOW5ieTV6ZG1jdk16QndlQzFEYjIxdGIyNXpMV3h2WjI4dWMzWm5MbkJ1Wnc9PS5wbmc=.png)
- The Mādhyamika or the Śūnyavāda school, Surendranath Dasgupta, 1940
- Thinking in Buddhism: Nagarjuna's Middle Way
- thezensite: articles on Nagarjuna
- Introduction to the Middle Way A contemporary commentary based on the teachings of Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Madhyamaka
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Nagarjuna
wikipedia, oxu, kitab, kitabxana, axtar, tap, meqaleler, kitablar, oyrenmek, wiki, bilgi, tarix, tarixi, endir, indir, yukle, izlə, izle, mobil, telefon ucun, azeri, azəri, azerbaycanca, azərbaycanca, sayt, yüklə, pulsuz, pulsuz yüklə, haqqında, haqqinda, məlumat, melumat, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, şəkil, muisiqi, mahnı, kino, film, kitab, oyun, oyunlar, android, ios, apple, samsung, iphone, pc, xiomi, xiaomi, redmi, honor, oppo, nokia, sonya, mi, web, computer, komputer