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Madhyamaka və ya madhyamika (sanskr. मध्यमक, madhyamakaIAST; hərfi mənada – "orta yol", çin. 中觀宗), həmçinin şunyavada (hərfi mənada – " təlimi") və nihsvabhavavada (hərfi mənada – " təlim") — Naqarcuna tərəfindən qurulan mahayana buddist məktəbi.Sarvastivada məktəbinin realizmi ilə yoqaçara məktəbinin idealizmi arasında orta mövqe axtarır. II–IX əsrlərdə Hindistanda inkişaf etmiş, Çin, Tibet, Yaponiyada geniş yayılmışdır. Ardıcıl olaraq buddistlərin nirvanaya nail olmaq üçün orta yolu – "boşluq" konsepsiyasını davam etdirir.
İstinadlar
- Энциклопедический словарь. 2009. мадхьямика.
- Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Oct. 2011, Mādhyamika 2023-01-13 at the Wayback Machine
Əlavə ədəbiyyat
- Arena, Leonardo Vittorio, Nonsense as the Meaning, ebook, 2012
- Arnold, Dan (2010). Nāgārjuna's 'Middle Way': A Non-Eliminative Understanding of Selflessness. In:Revue Internationale de Philosophie vol. 64, no.253: 367–395
- Bhattacharya, Vidhushekhara, Gauḍapādakārikā, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1943
- Brunnholzl, Karl, Center of the Sunlit Sky: Madhyamaka in the Kagyu Tradition, Snow Lion Publications, 2004
- Brunnholzl, Karl. Luminous Heart: The Third Karmapa on Consciousness, Wisdom, and Buddha Nature. Shambhala Publications. 2009. ISBN .
- Cabezón, José Ignacio; Dargyay, Lobsang. Freedom from Extremes: Gorampa's "Distinguishing the Views" and the Polemics of Emptiness. Simon and Schuster. 2013. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Cheng, Hsueh-Li, "The Roots of Zen Buddhism", Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 8 (4), 1981: 451–478, doi:10.1111/j.1540-6253.1981.tb00267.x, 2019-06-02 tarixində , İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Comans, Michael, The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2000
- Cornu, Philippe, Nawoord // Schijn en werkelijkheid. De twee waarheden in de vier boeddhistische leerstelsels, KunchabPublicaties, 2001
- Cowherds. Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy. Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN .
- Daye, Douglas D., Major Schools of the Mahayana: Madhyamaka. In:Charles S. Prebisch, Buddhism, A Modern Perspective. Pages 76-96., 1971, ISBN
- Fuller, Paul, (PDF), Routledge, 2005, 2014-12-02 tarixində orijinalından (PDF) arxivləşdirilib
- Garfield, Jay L., "Dependent Arising and the Emptiness of Emptiness: Why Did Nāgārjuna Start with Causation?", Philosophy East & West, 44 (2), 1994: 219–250, doi:10.2307/1399593, JSTOR 1399593, 2023-01-10 tarixində , İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Garfield, Jay L., The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995
- Garfield, Jay L., Madhyamaka is Not Nihilism (PDF), Smith College, University of Melbourne, 2012, 2021-08-26 tarixində (PDF), İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Garfield, Jay L.; Westerhoff, Jan. Madhyamaka and Yogacara: Allies Or Rivals?. Oxford University Press. 2015. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Gomez, Luis O., , Philosophy East and West, 26 (2), 1976: 137–165, doi:10.2307/1398186, JSTOR 1398186, 2016-03-03 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib, İstifadə tarixi: 2015-12-06
- Harvey, Peter, An introduction to Buddhism. Teachings, history and practices, Cambridge University Press, 1995
- Hayes, Richard P., Nagarjuna's appeal. In: Journal of Indian Philosophy 22: 299-378, 1994
- Hayes, Richard P., Nagarjuna: Master of Paradox, Mystic or Perpetrator of Fallacies? (PDF), 2003, 2022-11-20 tarixində (PDF), İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Hookham, S.K., The Buddha within : Tathagatagarbha doctrine according to the Shentong interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991, ISBN
- Hopkins, Jeffrey; Napper, Elizabeth, Meditation on Emptiness, 1996
- Kalupahana, David J., The Principles of Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications, 1992
- Kalupahana, David J., A History of Buddhist philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 1994
- Loy, David, Second Buddha : Nagarjuna - Buddhism's Greatest Philosopher. In: Winter 2006 edition of Tricycle : The Buddhist Review, 2006, 2023-01-10 tarixində , İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Magee, William, The Nature of Things. Emptiness and Essence in the Geluk World, Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion, 1999
- Napper, Elizabeth, Dependent-Arising and Emptiness, 1989, ISBN
- Newland, Guy. Introduction to Emptiness: As Taught in Tsong-kha-pa's Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path. Snow Lion. 2009. ISBN .
- Ng, Yu-kwan, , Hamilton, Ontario: dissertation, McMaster University, 1990, səh. 1, February 3, 2014 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib
- Ozkan, Cuma. A comparative analysis: Buddhist Madhyamaka and Daoist Chongxuan (twofold mystery) in the early Tang (618-720) (MA). University of Iowa. 2013. doi:10.17077/etd.o9rxrm2t. 2021-08-26 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Renard, Philip, Non-Dualisme. De directe bevrijdingsweg, Cothen: Uitgeverij Juwelenschip, 2010
- Rizzi, Cesare, Candrakirti, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 1988
- Ruegg, D. Seyfort, The literature of the Madhyamaka school of philosophy in India (A History of Indian literature), Harrassowitz, 1981, ISBN
- Sarma, Chandradhar, The Advaita Tradition in Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1996
- Shantarakshita; Ju Mipham, The Adornment of the Middle Way, Padmakara Translation, 2005, ISBN
- Suzuki, Daisetz Teitarō, Studies in the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1999
- Thich Nhat Hanh, The Heart of Understanding: Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra, 1988
- Travagnin, Stefania. The Madhyamika Dimension of Yin Shun. A restatement of the school of Nagarjuna in 20th century Chinese Buddhism (PDF) (PhD). University of London. 2009. 2021-03-08 tarixində (PDF). İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason: The Great Commentary To Nagarjuna's Root Of The Middle Way. Shambhala Publications. 2011. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Tsongkhapa, Lobsang Dragpa; Sparham, Gareth, trans.; in collaboration with Shotaro Iida. Kapstein, Matthew (redaktor). Ocean of Eloquence: Tsong kha pa's Commentary on the Yogacara Doctrine of Mind (tibet və ingilis) (1་). Albany, NY: State University of New York. 1993. ISBN . 27 July 2023 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 18 December 2012.
- Tsong Khapa, The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment: Volume 3, Snow Lion Publications, 2002, ISBN
- rJe Tsong Kha Pa; Garfield (tr.), Jay L.; Samten (tr.), Ngawang, Ocean of Reasoning, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN
- Vetter, Tilmann, The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism (PDF), BRILL, 1988, ISBN , 2013-02-17 tarixində (PDF), İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10
- Walser, Joseph. Nagarjuna in Context: Mahayana Buddhism and Early Indian Culture. Columbia University Press. 2005. ISBN .
- Warder, A. K., Indian Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2000
- Westerhoff, Jan. Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. Routledge. 2000. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. Routledge. 2002. ISBN . 2023-07-27 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-10.
- Williams, Paul. Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge. 2009. ISBN .
- Wynne, Alexander, The Origin of Buddhist Meditation, Routledge, 2007
- Della Santina, Peter, Madhyamaka Schools in India, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1986
- Harris, Ian Charles, The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogacara in Indian Mahayana Buddhism, New York: E. J.Brill, 1991
- His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso), The Middle Way: Faith Grounded in Reason, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2009
- Huntington, C. W., Jr. (1989). The Emptiness of Emptiness: An Introduction to Early Madhyamika. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
- Jones, Richard H., Nagarjuna: Buddhism's Most Important Philosopher, New York: Jackson Square Books, 2014
- Jones, Richard H., Indian Madhyamaka Buddhist Philosophy After Nagarjuna, 2 vols., New York: Jackson Square Books, 2012
- Narain, Harsh. The Mādhyamika mind. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1997.
Xarici keçidlər
- The Mādhyamika or the Śūnyavāda school, Surendranath Dasgupta, 1940
- Thinking in Buddhism: Nagarjuna's Middle Way
- thezensite: articles on Nagarjuna
- Introduction to the Middle Way A contemporary commentary based on the teachings of Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Madhyamaka
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Nagarjuna
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Madhyamaka ve ya madhyamika sanskr मध यमक madhyamakaIAST herfi menada orta yol cin 中觀宗 hemcinin sunyavada herfi menada telimi ve nihsvabhavavada herfi menada telim Naqarcuna terefinden qurulan mahayana buddist mektebi Sarvastivada mektebinin realizmi ile yoqacara mektebinin idealizmi arasinda orta movqe axtarir II IX esrlerde Hindistanda inkisaf etmis Cin Tibet Yaponiyada genis yayilmisdir Ardicil olaraq buddistlerin nirvanaya nail olmaq ucun orta yolu bosluq konsepsiyasini davam etdirir IstinadlarEnciklopedicheskij slovar 2009 madhyamika Encyclopedia Britannica 14 Oct 2011 Madhyamika 2023 01 13 at the Wayback MachineElave edebiyyatArena Leonardo Vittorio Nonsense as the Meaning ebook 2012 Arnold Dan 2010 Nagarjuna s Middle Way A Non Eliminative Understanding of Selflessness In Revue Internationale de Philosophie vol 64 no 253 367 395 Bhattacharya Vidhushekhara Gauḍapadakarika Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1943 Brunnholzl Karl Center of the Sunlit Sky Madhyamaka in the Kagyu Tradition Snow Lion Publications 2004 Brunnholzl Karl Luminous Heart The Third Karmapa on Consciousness Wisdom and Buddha Nature Shambhala Publications 2009 ISBN 9781559399142 Cabezon Jose Ignacio Dargyay Lobsang Freedom from Extremes Gorampa s Distinguishing the Views and the Polemics of Emptiness Simon and Schuster 2013 ISBN 9780861718573 2023 07 27 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Cheng Hsueh Li The Roots of Zen Buddhism Journal of Chinese Philosophy 8 4 1981 451 478 doi 10 1111 j 1540 6253 1981 tb00267 x 2019 06 02 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Comans Michael The Method of Early Advaita Vedanta A Study of Gauḍapada Saṅkara Suresvara and Padmapada Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 2000 Cornu Philippe Nawoord Schijn en werkelijkheid De twee waarheden in de vier boeddhistische leerstelsels KunchabPublicaties 2001 Cowherds Moonshadows Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy Oxford University Press 2010 ISBN 9780199826506 Daye Douglas D Major Schools of the Mahayana Madhyamaka In Charles S Prebisch Buddhism A Modern Perspective Pages 76 96 1971 ISBN 978 0 271 01195 0 Fuller Paul PDF Routledge 2005 2014 12 02 tarixinde orijinalindan PDF arxivlesdirilib Garfield Jay L Dependent Arising and the Emptiness of Emptiness Why Did Nagarjuna Start with Causation Philosophy East amp West 44 2 1994 219 250 doi 10 2307 1399593 JSTOR 1399593 2023 01 10 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Garfield Jay L The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way Oxford Oxford University Press 1995 Garfield Jay L Madhyamaka is Not Nihilism PDF Smith College University of Melbourne 2012 2021 08 26 tarixinde PDF Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Garfield Jay L Westerhoff Jan Madhyamaka and Yogacara Allies Or Rivals Oxford University Press 2015 ISBN 9780190231293 2023 07 27 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Gomez Luis O Philosophy East and West 26 2 1976 137 165 doi 10 2307 1398186 JSTOR 1398186 2016 03 03 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 2015 12 06 Harvey Peter An introduction to Buddhism Teachings history and practices Cambridge University Press 1995 Hayes Richard P Nagarjuna s appeal In Journal of Indian Philosophy 22 299 378 1994 Hayes Richard P Nagarjuna Master of Paradox Mystic or Perpetrator of Fallacies PDF 2003 2022 11 20 tarixinde PDF Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Hookham S K The Buddha within Tathagatagarbha doctrine according to the Shentong interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga Albany NY State University of New York Press 1991 ISBN 978 0791403587 Hopkins Jeffrey Napper Elizabeth Meditation on Emptiness 1996 Kalupahana David J The Principles of Buddhist Psychology Delhi ri Satguru Publications 1992 Kalupahana David J A History of Buddhist philosophy Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited 1994 Loy David Second Buddha Nagarjuna Buddhism s Greatest Philosopher In Winter 2006 edition of Tricycle The Buddhist Review 2006 2023 01 10 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Magee William The Nature of Things Emptiness and Essence in the Geluk World Ithaca New York Snow Lion 1999 Napper Elizabeth Dependent Arising and Emptiness 1989 ISBN 0 86171 057 6 Newland Guy Introduction to Emptiness As Taught in Tsong kha pa s Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path Snow Lion 2009 ISBN 9781559393324 Ng Yu kwan Hamilton Ontario dissertation McMaster University 1990 seh 1 February 3 2014 tarixinde orijinalindan arxivlesdirilib Ozkan Cuma A comparative analysis Buddhist Madhyamaka and Daoist Chongxuan twofold mystery in the early Tang 618 720 MA University of Iowa 2013 doi 10 17077 etd o9rxrm2t 2021 08 26 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Renard Philip Non Dualisme De directe bevrijdingsweg Cothen Uitgeverij Juwelenschip 2010 Rizzi Cesare Candrakirti Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited 1988 Ruegg D Seyfort The literature of the Madhyamaka school of philosophy in India A History of Indian literature Harrassowitz 1981 ISBN 978 3 447 02204 0 Sarma Chandradhar The Advaita Tradition in Indian Philosophy Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1996 Shantarakshita Ju Mipham The Adornment of the Middle Way Padmakara Translation 2005 ISBN 1 59030 241 9 Suzuki Daisetz Teitarō Studies in the Laṅkavatara Sutra Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1999 Thich Nhat Hanh The Heart of Understanding Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra 1988 Travagnin Stefania The Madhyamika Dimension of Yin Shun A restatement of the school of Nagarjuna in 20th century Chinese Buddhism PDF PhD University of London 2009 2021 03 08 tarixinde PDF Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Tsondru Mabja Ornament of Reason The Great Commentary To Nagarjuna s Root Of The Middle Way Shambhala Publications 2011 ISBN 9781559397421 2023 07 27 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Tsongkhapa Lobsang Dragpa Sparham Gareth trans in collaboration with Shotaro Iida Kapstein Matthew redaktor Ocean of Eloquence Tsong kha pa s Commentary on the Yogacara Doctrine of Mind tibet ve ingilis 1 Albany NY State University of New York 1993 ISBN 0791414795 27 July 2023 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 18 December 2012 Tsong Khapa The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment Volume 3 Snow Lion Publications 2002 ISBN 1 55939 166 9 rJe Tsong Kha Pa Garfield tr Jay L Samten tr Ngawang Ocean of Reasoning Oxford Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 978 0 19 514733 9 Vetter Tilmann The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism PDF BRILL 1988 ISBN 90 04 08959 4 2013 02 17 tarixinde PDF Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Walser Joseph Nagarjuna in Context Mahayana Buddhism and Early Indian Culture Columbia University Press 2005 ISBN 9780231506236 Warder A K Indian Buddhism Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishers 2000 Westerhoff Jan Nagarjuna s Madhyamaka A Philosophical Introduction Oxford University Press 2009 ISBN 9780199705115 2023 07 27 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Williams Paul Buddhist Thought A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition Routledge 2000 ISBN 9780415207003 2023 07 27 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Williams Paul Buddhist Thought A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition Routledge 2002 ISBN 9781134623259 2023 07 27 tarixinde Istifade tarixi 2023 01 10 Williams Paul Mahayana Buddhism The Doctrinal Foundations Routledge 2009 ISBN 9780415356534 Wynne Alexander The Origin of Buddhist Meditation Routledge 2007 Della Santina Peter Madhyamaka Schools in India New Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1986 Harris Ian Charles The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogacara in Indian Mahayana Buddhism New York E J Brill 1991 His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso The Middle Way Faith Grounded in Reason Boston Wisdom Publications 2009 Huntington C W Jr 1989 The Emptiness of Emptiness An Introduction to Early Madhyamika Honolulu University of Hawaii Press Jones Richard H Nagarjuna Buddhism s Most Important Philosopher New York Jackson Square Books 2014 Jones Richard H Indian Madhyamaka Buddhist Philosophy After Nagarjuna 2 vols New York Jackson Square Books 2012 Narain Harsh The Madhyamika mind Motilal Banarsidass Publishers 1997 Xarici kecidlerVikianbarda Madhyamaka ile elaqeli mediafayllar var The Madhyamika or the Sunyavada school Surendranath Dasgupta 1940 Thinking in Buddhism Nagarjuna s Middle Way thezensite articles on Nagarjuna Introduction to the Middle Way A contemporary commentary based on the teachings of Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Madhyamaka Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Nagarjuna